Chapter 2 - Structure and Function of Prokaryotic Cell

Question 1

a type of bacteria that is roughly spherical cells in shape

Answer 1

coccus

Question 2

Pairs of cocci

Answer 2

Diplococcus

Question 3

long chains of cocci after repeated divisions in one plane

Answer 3

streptococcus

Question 4

divides in random planes to form clusters of cocci, resembling a bunch of grapes

Answer 4

Staphylococcus

Question 5

Groups of four cocci arranged in a square after dividing in two planes

Answer 5

Tetrad

Question 6

Cubic configurations of eight cocci after dividing in three planes

Answer 6

Sarcina

Question 7

rod bacterial shape

Answer 7

bacillus

Question 8

bacillus that is so short and wide that they resemble coccus

Answer 8

coccobacillus

Question 9

A few rod-shaped bacteria that are curved to form distinctive commas or incomplete spirals.

Answer 9

vibrios

Question 10

bacteria shaped like long rods twisted into spirals or helices that are rigid

Answer 10

spirilla

Question 11

bacteria shaped like long rods twisted into spirals or helices that are flexible

Answer 11

spirochetes

Question 12

a discrete region where the genetic material of the prokaryote is localized

Answer 12

nucleoid

Question 13

What do both gram-positive and gram-negative cells
use for locomotion?

Answer 13

flagella

Question 14

Selectively permeable barrier, mechanical
boundary of cell, nutrient and waste
transport, location of many metabolic
processes (respiration, photosynthesis),
detection of environmental cues for
chemotaxis

Answer 14

plasma membrane

Question 15

Buoyancy for floating in aquatic environments

Answer 15

gas vacuole

Question 16

Protein synthesis

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

Storage of carbon, phosphate, and other
substances

Answer 17

Inclusion bodies

Question 18

Contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding
proteins for nutrient processing and uptake

Answer 18

Periplasmic space

Question 19

Gives bacteria shape and protection from
lysis in dilute solutions

Answer 19

Cell wall

Question 20

Resistance to phagocytosis, adherence to
surfaces

Answer 20

Capsules and slime layers

Question 21

Attachment to surfaces, bacterial mating

Answer 21

Fimbriae and pili

Question 22

Survival under harsh environmental
conditions

Answer 22

endospore

Question 23

Like steroids in eukaryotes, they probably stabilize the bacterial membrane

Answer 23

hopanoids

Question 24

The most widely accepted current model for membrane
structure

Answer 24

fluid mosaic model

Question 25

the substance lying between the plasma membrane and the nucleoid

Answer 25

cytoplasmic matrix

Question 26

granules of organic and inorganic material usually used for storage (e.g., carbon compounds, inorganic substances, and energy), and also reduce osmotic pressure by tying up molecules in particulate form

Answer 26

inclusion bodies

Question 27

a membrane-delimited organelle where two or more chromosomes of the eukaryotic cells are contained

Answer 27

nucleus

Question 28

bacteria could be divided into two major groups based on their response to the Gram-stain procedure

Answer 28

Gram-positive bacteria stained purple, whereas gram-negative bacteria were colored pink or red

Question 28

These are double-stranded DNA molecules, usually circular, that can exist and replicate independently of the chromosome or may be integrated with it; in either case they normally are inherited or passed on to the progeny

Answer 28

plasmids

Question 29

most bacteria have strong walls that give them shape and protect them from osmotic lysis; wall shape and strength is primarily due to

Answer 29

peptidoglycan

Question 30

all the structures from the plasma membrane outward

Answer 30

envelope

Question 31

a space is seen between the plasma membrane and the outer membrane in electron micrographs of gram-negative bacteria, and sometimes a similar but smaller gap may be observed between the plasma membrane and wall in gram-positive bacteria

Answer 31

periplasmic space

Question 32

the substance that occupies the periplasmic space

Answer 32

periplasm