Chapter 19-24 vs

Question 1

 eucaryotes with unicellular organization, either in the form of solitary cells or colonies of cells lacking true tissues
 e.g. paramecium

Answer 1

protista

Question 2

unclassified organism; simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi

Answer 2

protista

Question 3

caused by amoeba–a protozoa

Answer 3

Amoebiasis

Question 4

caused by dinoflagellates–a protista

Answer 4

red tide

Question 5

defined as a taxonomic classification used previously to describe unicellular (single-celled) prokaryotic microbes, which we now refer to as Bacteria and Archaea

Answer 5

Monera

Question 6

a kingdom classification that is plant-like but are not photosynthetic

Answer 6

fungi

Question 7

layered or stratified rocks, often domed, that are formed by incorporation of mineral sediments into microbial mats

Answer 7

stromatolites

Question 8

used 18s ribosomal RNA to identify and classify eukaryotic organism based on molecular composition

Answer 8

Carl Woese

Question 9

What are the colonies of microscopic photosynthesizing organisms that built the stony structures called stromatolites?

Answer 9

cyanobacteria

Question 10

• Gram positive or gram negative
• Spherical, rod-shaped, spiral, lobed, plate-shaped, irregularly shaped, or pleomorphic
• Unicellular, filaments or aggregates
• Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, or strictly anaerobic
• Chemolithoautotrophs to organotrophs
• Mesophiles; hyperthermophiles
• Reproduced by binary fission, budding, fragmentation

Answer 10

Archaebacteria

Question 11

phylum (of archaea) that contains thermophilic and hyperthermophilic, acidophilic, sulfur-metabolizing proteins

Answer 11

Crenarchaeota

Question 12

phylum (of archaea) that contains primarily methanogenic prokaryotes and halophilic prokaryotes; thermophilic, self-reducing organisms

Answer 12

Euryarchaeota

Question 13

are strict anaerobes that obtain energy by converting CO2, H2, formate, methanol, acetate, and other compounds to either methane or methane and CO2

Answer 13

Methanogens

Question 14

aerobic chemoheterotrophs, absolutely dependent on a high concentration of NaCl

Answer 14

halobacteria

Question 15

thermoacidophiles that lack cell walls

Answer 15

thermoplasms

Question 16

are strictly anaerobic, can reduce sulfur to sulfide, motile by flagella, optimum growth temperatures 88 to 100 °C

Answer 16

Thermococcales

Question 17

• a phylum containing
  autotrophic bacteria such as Aquifex and Hydrogenobacter
• Use hydrogen for energy production
• Produces water by using hydrogen to reduce oxygen

Answer 17

Aquificae

Question 18

This group contains some of the most thermophilic organisms known and is the deepest or earliest branch of the bacteria.

Answer 18

Aquificae

Question 19

anaerobic, thermophilic, fermentative, gram-negative rod that have unusual fatty acids and resemble Aquifex with respect to their ether-linked lipids

Answer 19

Thermotogae

Question 20

• Extraordinary radiation (3-5 mil rad) and dessication resistant, high concentrations of carotenoid pigments
• Aerobic, mesophilic, and catalase positive

Answer 20

Deinococcus-Thermus

Question 20

What is the difference between Aquificae and Thermotogae in terms of their nutrition sources?

Answer 20

Aquificae - autotrophic
Thermotogae - chemoheterotroph

Question 21

What photosynthetic bacteria undergoes anoxygenic photosynthesis?

Answer 21

purple bacteria
green bacteria

Question 21

photosynthesis that employs hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, hydrogen, and organic matter as their electron source for the generation of NADH and NADPH

Answer 21

anoxygenic phototsynthesis

Question 21

• Gram positive but has outer membrane, has L-ornithine in their peptidoglycan, lacking teichoic acid
• Plasma membrane with large amounts of palmitoleic acid rather than phosphatidylglycerol phospholipids

Answer 21

Deinococcus-Thermus

Question 21

oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 21

cyanobacteria

Question 21

green nonsulfur bacteria

Answer 21

Phylum Chloroflexi

Question 22

photosynthesis that use water as an electron donor and generate oxygen during photosynthesis

Answer 22

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Question 22

* Gram-negative bacteria, chemoorganotroph/chemoheterotroph * Have unusual peptidoglycans and lack lipopolysaccharides in their outer membrane * Elemental sulfur deposit outside the cell

Answer 22

Phylum Chloroflexi

Question 23

green sulfur bacteria

Answer 23

Phylum Chlorobi

Question 23

* Obligate anaerobe, photolithotroph, use hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur and hydrogen as electron sources * The elemental sulfur deposited outside the cell.

Answer 23

Phylum Chlorobi

Question 23

Photosynthetic pigments located in ellipsoidal vesicles of the Phylum Chlorobi.

Answer 23

chlorosomes

Question 23

* Unicellular or filamentous, either branched or unbranched * Incorporate CO2 photosynthetically through the use of the Calvin cycle just like plants and many purple photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 23

(Phylum) Cyanobacteria

Question 24

Photosynthetic pigments of the cyanobacteria besides chlorophyll a

Answer 24

phycobilins

Question 24

location of the photosynthetic pigments (of the cyanobacteria) called the phycobilins

Answer 24

phycobilisomes

Question 25

a class of proteobacteria that include most of the oligotrophic forms (those capable of growing at low nutrient levels)

Answer 25

alphaproteobacteria

Question 25

* Large and extremely complex group that currently contains over 1,300 species in 384 genera * Gram negative bacteria ranging from simple rods and cocci to genera with prosthecae, buds fruiting bodies * Major nutritional types are represented: phototrophy, heterotrophy, and chemolithotrophy * Important in medicine, industry, and biological research

Answer 25

Proteobacteria

Question 25

purple bacteria

Answer 25

Proteobacteria

Question 26

 Rod-shaped, coccoid, or pleomorphic with typical gram-negative walls and no flagella  All species are parasitic and mutualistic  Parasites in vertebrate erythrocytes, macrophages and vascular endothelial cells  Live in fleas, ticks, mites, or lice

Answer 26

Rickettsia and Coxiella

Question 26

* Compose a large and complex group of thirteen orders and 20 families of the purple bacteria * Chemoorganotrophic, facultatively anaerobic, and fermentative

Answer 26

Gammaproteobacteria

Question 26

* Class of proteobacteria that use substances that diffuse from organic decomposition * Chemoheterotrophs, photolithotrophs, methylotrophs, chemolithotrophs

Answer 26

Betaproteobacteria

Question 26

Have at least one of three different features: a prostheca, a stalk, or reproduction by budding

Answer 26

Caulobacteraceae and Hyphomicrobiaceae

Question 26

causative agent of gonorrhea

Answer 26

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 26

* Nonmotile, aerobic, gram-negative cocci that most often occur in pairs with adjacent sides flattened * Chemoorganotrophic, oxidase positive, catalase positive * Inhabitants of the mucous membranes of mammals, and some are human pathogens

Answer 26

(Order) Neiserriales

Question 26

Oxidize sulfur compounds, rods and filamentous

Answer 26

Order Thiotricales

Question 26

* Gram-negative, aerobic, nonfermentative, non-spore-forming, mesophilic straight rods * Motile with a single polar flagellum or a tuft of polar flagella * Produce catalase; oxidase positive

Answer 26

(Order) Burkholderiales

Question 26

* Rods, vibrios, and cocci * Use methane, methanol, and other reduced one-carbon compounds as their sole carbon and energy sources * Aerobic or microaerobic (low oxygen)

Answer 26

Order Methylococcales

Question 27

carbon reserve of the Order Burkholderiales

Answer 27

Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate

Question 28

Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods, oxidase positive

Answer 28

Order Vibrionales

Question 28

Gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated or nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, straight rods with simple nutritional requirements

Answer 28

(Order) Enterobacteriales

Question 28

* Straight or slightly gram-negative curved rods, motile by one or several polar flagella and lack prosthecae or sheaths * Aerobic and carry out respiratory metabolism with 02 (and sometimes nitrate) as the electron acceptor

Answer 28

Order Pseudomonadales

Question 29

genus of the order Enterobacteriales

Answer 29

Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Serratia, Proteus, Yersinia

Question 30

Coccoid to rod-shaped cells, nonmotile, normally oxidase positive, parasitic in vertebrates (mammals and birds)

Answer 30

Order Pasteurellales

Question 31

genera of the Order Pasteurellales

Answer 31

Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Lonepinella, Mannheimia, and Phocoenobacter

Question 32

* Aerobic gram-negative, curved rods with polar flagella (with sheath continuous with the cell wall) * It preys on other gram-negative bacteria and alternates between a nongrowing predatory phase and an intracellular reproductive phase.

Answer 32

Order Bdellovibrionales

Question 32

Important pathogenic genera are -proteobacteria

Answer 32

Campylobacter and Helicobacter

Question 32

* Gram-negative, aerobic soil bacteria characterized by gliding motility * Producing fruiting bodies, form dormant myxospores * Micropredators or scavengers

Answer 32

Order Myxococcales

Question 32

chemoorganotrophs, the -proteobacteria contain seven orders, and 17 families. Many of these bacteria can be placed in one of three groups.

Answer 32

Deltaproteobacteria

Question 33

* Slender gram-negative rods * Straight, curved, or helical * Composed of only one order, Campylobacterales, and two families

Answer 33

Epsilonproteobacteria

Question 34

* Lack cell walls and cannot synthesize peptidoglycan precursors * Penicillin resistant but susceptible to lysis by osmotic shock and detergent treatment * Pleomorphic (spherical, pear-shaped organisms, branched or helical filaments)

Answer 34

Class Mollicutes

Question 34

Smallest bacteria capable of self-production

Answer 34

Class Mollicutes

Question 35

Low G+C gram-positive bacteria: Obligate anaerobe, gram-positive bacteria, endospores forming

Answer 35

Class Clostridia

Question 36

Medically and industrially important genera of Class Bacilli

Answer 36

Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Listeria, and Staphylococcus

Question 37

Members of some genera (in Class Bacilli) that form true endospores.

Answer 37

Bacillus, Sporosarcina, Paenibacillus, Sporolactobacillus

Question 38

The class Bacilli has two order:

Answer 38

Bacillales and Lactobacillales

Question 39

High G+C gram positive are also called

Answer 39

Actinomycetes

Question 40

* None of these bacteria produce true endospores * Aerobic, gram-positive that form branching filaments or hyphae and asexual spores

Answer 40

High G+C gram positive

Question 40

Members of this group (High G+C gram positive) include

Answer 40

Actinoplanes, Arthrobacter, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium, Frankia, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium, Streptomyces

Question 41

* Spherical or oval, budding bacteria * Lack peptidoglycan and have distinctive crateriform structures or pits in their walls * Nuclear body is membrane-bounded * Life cycle: sessile cells but to produce motile flagellated cells

Answer 41

phylum Planctomycetes

Question 42

Gram-negative groups; obligately intracellular parasites

Answer 42

Phylum Chlamydiae

Question 43

* Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria, slender, long bacteria with a flexible, helical shape * Anaerobic, facultatively anaerobic, or aerobic * Carbohydrates, amino acids, long-chain fatty acids, and long-chain fatty alcohols may serve as carbon and energy sources.

Answer 43

Phylum Spirochaetes

Question 44

* Anaerobic, gram-negative, nonsporing, motile or nonmotile rods of various shapes * Chemoheterotrophic and usually produce a mixture of organic acids as fermentation end products * Grow in the oral cavity and intestinal tract of humans and other animals and the rumen of ruminants

Answer 44

Class Bacteroides

Question 44

genera of the Phylum Spirochaetes

Answer 44

Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira