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BIO 200 - Microbiology > Chapter 19-24 vs > Flashcards

Chapter 19-24 vs Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

 eucaryotes with unicellular organization, either in the form of solitary cells or colonies of cells lacking true tissues
 e.g. paramecium

A

protista

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2
Q

unclassified organism; simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi

A

protista

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3
Q

caused by amoeba–a protozoa

A

Amoebiasis

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4
Q

caused by dinoflagellates–a protista

A

red tide

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5
Q

defined as a taxonomic classification used previously to describe unicellular (single-celled) prokaryotic microbes, which we now refer to as Bacteria and Archaea

A

Monera

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6
Q

a kingdom classification that is plant-like but are not photosynthetic

A

fungi

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7
Q

layered or stratified rocks, often domed, that are formed by incorporation of mineral sediments into microbial mats

A

stromatolites

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8
Q

used 18s ribosomal RNA to identify and classify eukaryotic organism based on molecular composition

A

Carl Woese

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9
Q

What are the colonies of microscopic photosynthesizing organisms that built the stony structures called stromatolites?

A

cyanobacteria

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10
Q
  • Gram positive or gram negative
  • Spherical, rod-shaped, spiral, lobed, plate-shaped, irregularly shaped, or pleomorphic
  • Unicellular, filaments or aggregates
  • Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, or strictly anaerobic
  • Chemolithoautotrophs to organotrophs
  • Mesophiles; hyperthermophiles
  • Reproduced by binary fission, budding, fragmentation
A

Archaebacteria

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11
Q

phylum (of archaea) that contains thermophilic and hyperthermophilic, acidophilic, sulfur-metabolizing proteins

A

Crenarchaeota

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12
Q

phylum (of archaea) that contains primarily methanogenic prokaryotes and halophilic prokaryotes; thermophilic, self-reducing organisms

A

Euryarchaeota

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13
Q

are strict anaerobes that obtain energy by converting CO2, H2, formate, methanol, acetate, and other compounds to either methane or methane and CO2

A

Methanogens

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14
Q

aerobic chemoheterotrophs, absolutely dependent on a high concentration of NaCl

A

halobacteria

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15
Q

thermoacidophiles that lack cell walls

A

thermoplasms

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16
Q

are strictly anaerobic, can reduce sulfur to sulfide, motile by flagella, optimum growth temperatures 88 to 100 °C

A

Thermococcales

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17
Q
  • a phylum containing
    autotrophic bacteria such as Aquifex and Hydrogenobacter
  • Use hydrogen for energy production
  • Produces water by using hydrogen to reduce oxygen
A

Aquificae

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18
Q

This group contains some of the most thermophilic organisms known and is the deepest or earliest branch of the bacteria.

A

Aquificae

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19
Q

anaerobic, thermophilic, fermentative, gram-negative rod that have unusual fatty acids and resemble Aquifex with respect to their ether-linked lipids

A

Thermotogae

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20
Q
  • Extraordinary radiation (3-5 mil rad) and dessication resistant, high concentrations of carotenoid pigments
  • Aerobic, mesophilic, and catalase positive
A

Deinococcus-Thermus

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20
Q

What is the difference between Aquificae and Thermotogae in terms of their nutrition sources?

A

Aquificae - autotrophic
Thermotogae - chemoheterotroph

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21
Q

What photosynthetic bacteria undergoes anoxygenic photosynthesis?

A

purple bacteria
green bacteria

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21
Q

photosynthesis that employs hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, hydrogen, and organic matter as their electron source for the generation of NADH and NADPH

A

anoxygenic phototsynthesis

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21
Q
  • Gram positive but has outer membrane, has L-ornithine in their peptidoglycan, lacking teichoic acid
  • Plasma membrane with large amounts of palmitoleic acid rather than phosphatidylglycerol phospholipids
A

Deinococcus-Thermus

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21
Q

oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria

A

cyanobacteria

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21
Q

green nonsulfur bacteria

A

Phylum Chloroflexi

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22
Q

photosynthesis that use water as an electron donor and generate oxygen during photosynthesis

A

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

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22
Q
  • Gram-negative bacteria, chemoorganotroph/chemoheterotroph
  • Have unusual peptidoglycans and lack lipopolysaccharides in their outer membrane
  • Elemental sulfur deposit outside the cell
A

Phylum Chloroflexi

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23
Q

green sulfur bacteria

A

Phylum Chlorobi

23
Q
  • Obligate anaerobe, photolithotroph, use hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur and hydrogen as electron sources
  • The elemental sulfur deposited outside the cell.
A

Phylum Chlorobi

23
Q

Photosynthetic pigments located in ellipsoidal vesicles of the Phylum Chlorobi.

A

chlorosomes

23
Q
  • Unicellular or filamentous, either branched or unbranched
  • Incorporate CO2 photosynthetically through the use of the Calvin cycle just like plants and many purple photosynthetic bacteria
A

(Phylum) Cyanobacteria

24
Q

Photosynthetic pigments of the cyanobacteria besides chlorophyll a

A

phycobilins

24
Q

location of the photosynthetic pigments (of the cyanobacteria) called the phycobilins

A

phycobilisomes

25
Q

a class of proteobacteria that include most of the oligotrophic forms (those capable of growing at low nutrient levels)

A

alphaproteobacteria

25
Q
  • Large and extremely complex group that currently contains over 1,300 species in 384 genera
  • Gram negative bacteria ranging from simple rods and cocci to genera with prosthecae, buds fruiting bodies
  • Major nutritional types are represented: phototrophy, heterotrophy, and chemolithotrophy
  • Important in medicine, industry, and biological research
A

Proteobacteria

25
Q

purple bacteria

A

Proteobacteria

26
Q

 Rod-shaped, coccoid, or pleomorphic with typical gram-negative walls and no flagella
 All species are parasitic and mutualistic
 Parasites in vertebrate erythrocytes, macrophages and vascular endothelial cells
 Live in fleas, ticks, mites, or lice

A

Rickettsia and Coxiella

26
Q
  • Compose a large and complex group of thirteen orders and 20 families of the purple bacteria
  • Chemoorganotrophic, facultatively anaerobic, and fermentative
A

Gammaproteobacteria

26
Q
  • Class of proteobacteria that use substances that diffuse from organic decomposition
  • Chemoheterotrophs, photolithotrophs, methylotrophs, chemolithotrophs
A

Betaproteobacteria

26
Q

Have at least one of three different features: a prostheca, a stalk, or reproduction by budding

A

Caulobacteraceae and Hyphomicrobiaceae

26
Q

causative agent of gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

26
Q
  • Nonmotile, aerobic, gram-negative cocci that most often occur in pairs with adjacent sides flattened
  • Chemoorganotrophic, oxidase positive, catalase positive
  • Inhabitants of the mucous membranes of mammals, and some are human pathogens
A

(Order) Neiserriales

26
Q

Oxidize sulfur compounds, rods and filamentous

A

Order Thiotricales

26
Q
  • Gram-negative, aerobic, nonfermentative, non-spore-forming, mesophilic straight rods
  • Motile with a single polar flagellum or a tuft of polar flagella
  • Produce catalase; oxidase positive
A

(Order) Burkholderiales

26
Q
  • Rods, vibrios, and cocci
  • Use methane, methanol, and other reduced one-carbon compounds as their sole carbon and energy sources
  • Aerobic or microaerobic (low oxygen)
A

Order Methylococcales

27
Q

carbon reserve of the Order Burkholderiales

A

Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate

28
Q

Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods, oxidase positive

A

Order Vibrionales

28
Q

Gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated or nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, straight rods with simple nutritional requirements

A

(Order) Enterobacteriales

28
Q
  • Straight or slightly gram-negative curved rods, motile by one or several polar flagella and lack prosthecae or sheaths
  • Aerobic and carry out respiratory metabolism with 02 (and sometimes nitrate) as the electron acceptor
A

Order Pseudomonadales

29
Q

genus of the order Enterobacteriales

A

Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Serratia, Proteus, Yersinia

30
Q

Coccoid to rod-shaped cells, nonmotile, normally oxidase positive, parasitic in vertebrates (mammals and birds)

A

Order Pasteurellales

31
Q

genera of the Order Pasteurellales

A

Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Lonepinella, Mannheimia, and Phocoenobacter

32
Q
  • Aerobic gram-negative, curved rods with polar flagella (with sheath continuous with the cell wall)
  • It preys on other gram-negative bacteria and alternates between a nongrowing predatory phase and an intracellular reproductive phase.
A

Order Bdellovibrionales

32
Q

Important pathogenic genera are -proteobacteria

A

Campylobacter and Helicobacter

32
Q
  • Gram-negative, aerobic soil bacteria characterized by gliding motility
  • Producing fruiting bodies, form dormant myxospores
  • Micropredators or scavengers
A

Order Myxococcales

32
Q

chemoorganotrophs,
the -proteobacteria contain seven orders, and 17 families. Many of these bacteria can be placed in one of three groups.

A

Deltaproteobacteria

33
Q
  • Slender gram-negative rods
  • Straight, curved, or helical
  • Composed of only one order, Campylobacterales, and two families
A

Epsilonproteobacteria

34
Q
  • Lack cell walls and cannot synthesize peptidoglycan precursors
  • Penicillin resistant but susceptible to lysis by osmotic shock and detergent treatment
  • Pleomorphic (spherical, pear-shaped organisms, branched or helical filaments)
A

Class Mollicutes

34
Q

Smallest bacteria capable of self-production

A

Class Mollicutes

35
Q

Low G+C gram-positive bacteria: Obligate anaerobe, gram-positive bacteria, endospores forming

A

Class Clostridia

36
Q

Medically and industrially important genera of Class Bacilli

A

Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Listeria, and Staphylococcus

37
Q

Members of some genera (in Class Bacilli) that form true endospores.

A

Bacillus, Sporosarcina, Paenibacillus, Sporolactobacillus

38
Q

The class Bacilli has two order:

A

Bacillales and Lactobacillales

39
Q

High G+C gram positive are also called

A

Actinomycetes

40
Q
  • None of these bacteria produce true endospores
  • Aerobic, gram-positive that form branching filaments or hyphae and asexual spores
A

High G+C gram positive

40
Q

Members of this group (High G+C gram positive) include

A

Actinoplanes, Arthrobacter, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium, Frankia, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium, Streptomyces

41
Q
  • Spherical or oval, budding bacteria
  • Lack peptidoglycan and have distinctive crateriform structures or pits in their walls
  • Nuclear body is membrane-bounded
  • Life cycle: sessile cells but to produce motile flagellated cells
A

phylum Planctomycetes

42
Q

Gram-negative groups; obligately intracellular parasites

A

Phylum Chlamydiae

43
Q
  • Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria, slender, long bacteria with a flexible, helical shape
  • Anaerobic, facultatively anaerobic, or aerobic
  • Carbohydrates, amino acids, long-chain fatty acids, and long-chain fatty alcohols may serve as carbon and energy sources.
A

Phylum Spirochaetes

44
Q
  • Anaerobic, gram-negative, nonsporing, motile or nonmotile rods of various shapes
  • Chemoheterotrophic and usually produce a mixture of organic acids as fermentation end products
  • Grow in the oral cavity and intestinal tract of humans and other animals and the rumen of ruminants
A

Class Bacteroides

44
Q

genera of the Phylum Spirochaetes

A

Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

BIO 200 - Microbiology (4 decks)

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