Religious Organisations Flashcards
Substantive definition
Something supernatural e.g. a God- excludes other beliefs
Functional definition
Beliefs have functions e.g. brings people together (referred to as the inclusive definition)
Social constructionist definition
Focuses on what religion means to individuals- micro approach
Key characteristics (3)
Closed knowledge system, empirical evidence not necessary, claim to answer the questions in life
How does religion challenge science?
Many religions are creationist- world created by a god rather than evolution
Contemporary issues/problems (4)
Causes conflict, misinterpreted, exclusive, difficult to measure/operationalise
Durkheim
Studied totemism which he saw as the most basic form of religion
Traditional typology
Church , denomination, sect, cult.
New Religious Movements (NRMs)
Developed by Wallis to understand the developments of many NEW religions in 20th century. He recognised there had been a development of religious organisations which did not fit neatly into the ideal types (Trad typo).
Weber- Church (4)
Has a clear structure/hierarchy,
Positive and tolerant attitude to wider society
Claims monopoly of truth
Closely linked to the state
Troeltsch- Sect (4)
Everyone is equal- one charismatic leader
Strong commitment
Claim a monopoly of truth
Hostile to wider society
Cult (4)
Less structured
Attracts m/c members
Very tolerant of wider society/other beliefs
Focus on self-fulfilment and success
Niebuhr- Denominations (4)
Something in between a sect and cult
Some level of commitment required
Focus on religious experiences rather than real world
Appeals to those who feel disillusioned with mainstream churches e.g. pentecostal
NRMs World Rejecting (4)
Claim monopoly of truth, are hostile to wider society, appeal to marginalised and deprived groups, provide a sense of family/community e.g. Peoples Temple
NRMs World Affirming (2)
Positive about mainstream society and aim to help individuals be successful within it via self improvement e.g. Yoga