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History - Early Tudors > Religious Change(s) 1547-58 > Flashcards

Religious Change(s) 1547-58 Flashcards

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1
Q

What religious affiliation was Somerset?

A

Protestant

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2
Q

What was ordered in July 1547?

A

That the Book of Homilies and Erasmus’ Paraphrases should be placed in every church

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3
Q

What three things were churches told to do in 1547?

A

The Clergy were told to do their services in English, preach every Sunday and hold an English bible

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4
Q

What were Catholic churches forced to remove?

A

Their superstitious imagery and and statues

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5
Q

Why was Somerset and his government so cautious about altering religion?

A

Henry VIII’s will stated that there were to be no religious changes before Edward turned 18

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6
Q

What was the Chantries act? When was it?

A

Enforced the dissolution of the Chantries in 1547

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7
Q

What did parliament repeal?

A

The Treason act

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8
Q

Why the proclamations released been January and April 1458 released?

A

To limit those who could preach against religion

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9
Q

What happened in September 1548 that limited the spread of Protestantism?

A

The council were forced to ban public preaching

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10
Q

When was the Act of Uniformity passed and what did it mean?

A

January 1549, it ordered the clergy to use a number of protestant acts

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11
Q

What five acts were detailed in the Act of Uniformity?

A
  • Sacraments now consisted of communion, baptism, confirmation, marriage and burial
  • The clergy could marry
  • Singing masses for the souls of the dead was not approved
  • Holy communions and evensong were to be in English
  • The laity could receive both bread and wine at communion
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12
Q

What 3 Catholic acts remained after the Act of Uniformity?

A
  • Fast days and holy days remained
  • The belief in purgatory was neither condemned or upheld
  • Worship of saints was discouraged, not banned
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13
Q

The Act of Uniformity was supposed to appease the moderate reformists, what didn’t change that made it hard to enforce Protestantism though?

A

The laity were not punished for not attending church

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14
Q

How protestant was England by the fall of Somerset?

A

Most Catholic practices had been attacked but any extreme Protestant introductions were faced with opposition

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15
Q

Did reforms become more radical after the triumph of Protestantism in 1550? Why was this?

A

Yeah, they believed they would no longer face opposition for the reforms

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16
Q

What three campaigns were there for the banning/removal of Catholic images?

A
  • July 1547: Royal injunctions ordered the removal of superstitious images
  • February 1547: All imaged were to be removed
  • December 1549: All images were to be destroyed
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17
Q

Who strengthened their power in 1551?

A

Northumberland

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18
Q

What did Northumberland deprive conservative Bishops of? What did this mean for the bishop majority?

A

Their sees (the land they held), this meant there was a Protestant majority

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19
Q

What happened when parliament in January 1522? Why was this able to happen?

A

A large-scale Protestant reformation was introduced

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20
Q

What did the New Treason Act’s introduction mean?

A

It became criminal to question the Royal Supremacy or any church beliefs

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21
Q

What was introduced under the large-scale Protestant reformation?

A

A second prayer book and the Second Act of Uniformity

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22
Q

Which was a more noticeable move toward Protestantism? The 2nd Prayer Book or the Second Act of Uniformity? Does this mean England was following Protestantism?

A

The 2nd Prayer book, it became the basis for all church services. But no, people did still oppose it’s introduction

23
Q

What had church alters been replaced with?

A

Communion tables, Stone for Wood

24
Q

Was England legally protestant by the death of Edward VI in 1553? Does this mean people also were?

A

Yeah. No, many opposed it, following it only because it was criminal not to

25
Q

Which two areas seemed to take to Protestantism the most?

A

London and East Anglia

26
Q

Was Mary a welcomed leader?

A

Yeah

27
Q

What religious affiliation was Mary?

A

Heavily Catholic

28
Q

How did Mary view Edwards death?

A

As a miracle

29
Q

What were Mary’s 7 religious aims?

A
  • Undo the religious changes since 1529
  • Restore Papal Authority
  • Restore traditional Catholic beliefs and transubstantiation
  • Re-establish the dissolved religious houses
  • End clerical marriage and restore the status of priests
  • Secure Catholicism by marrying and having children
  • Persecute those who did not agree with her
30
Q

Which two key Catholic figures worried Mary would introduce reforms too quickly?

A

Charles V and the pope, Julius III

31
Q

What did parliament refuse to repeal in October 1553? What did this suggest?

A

The act of Supremacy, this suggested an anti-papal feeling

32
Q

What did Parliament pass in October 1553? What did this do?

A

An Act of Repeal. This undid Edwards reforms and restored the faith to that under the Act of Six Articles

33
Q

What had Mary given up by the end of 1553?

A

The title of the supreme head of the CoE

34
Q

What did Mary do soon after 1553 that faced no serious opposition?

A

Used the royal prerogative to suspend the Second Act of Uniformity and restored Latin mass

35
Q

Why can’t the Wyatt’s rebellion be used to argue against support for Mary’s reforms?

A

It was before she did anything major and was mainly rooted in fear of a Spanish marriage

36
Q

Why did the wealth Protestants do in 1554? How many did this?

A

Fled the country, near 800 protestants were said to have lived on the continent to avoid Mary

37
Q

What did the Royal Injunctions of 1554 mean for England?

A

Catholic practices such as holy days were re-introduced but also led to the deprivation of large numbers of marriage clergy

38
Q

What did Mary try and restore which the 1554 Parliament reject?

A

The Heresy laws

39
Q

What did parliament require before agreeing to the reintroduction of the Heresy laws?

A

The promise that former monastic lands would not be restored to the church

40
Q

What is the Parliamentary rejection of the 1554 Hersey laws more evidence towards rather than an objection to religious change?

A

Factional conflicts between Paget and Gardiner and the sanctity of property

41
Q

When was the second Act of Repeal passed?

A

November 1554

42
Q

What did the second Act of Repeal do?

A

Repealed all religious legislate since 1529

43
Q

How was Mary forced to compromise with Land Owners for the second Act of Repeal? What did this mean for a full restoration of Catholicism?

A

She was forced to give property rights to those who had bought church lands since 1536. This meant a vast amount of monasteries could not be reintroduced

44
Q

When were the Heresy laws introduced? When did the burnings begin?

A

1554, 1555

45
Q

How many went to the stake under Mary and her heresy laws?

A

Nearly 300

46
Q

Why was Cranmer burnt? Why was this a mistake?

A

Cramer had committed treason so could have been executed, the burning allowed him to withdraw his renunciations and die a proud Protestant. His courage would have reinforced Protestants opposed to Mary

47
Q

When did Gardiner die?

A

November 1555

48
Q

Why was the death of Gardiner bad for Mary and her burnings?

A

It allowed her to burn more people, but increased the divide between Protestants and Catholics, few people converted

49
Q

Why were the burnings welcomed by some people?

A

It allowed them to sell their produce. It became a spectacle rather than religious execution

50
Q

Where was the largest concentration of Protestants?

A

The south-east

51
Q

Did Mary lay the foundations for a full Catholic restoration?

A

Yes, she did many things to allow Catholicism back into England

52
Q

Was England Catholic by Mary’s death in 1558?

A

Yes, people took to the doctrinal reformations quickly. For example, they sang in Latin upon her return to London which was criminal at the time

53
Q

What was the downfall of the Catholic restoration?

A

Mary was not queen long enough to give a Catholic heir to England

History - Early Tudors (7 decks)

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