Religious Change(s) 1547-58 Flashcards
What religious affiliation was Somerset?
Protestant
What was ordered in July 1547?
That the Book of Homilies and Erasmus’ Paraphrases should be placed in every church
What three things were churches told to do in 1547?
The Clergy were told to do their services in English, preach every Sunday and hold an English bible
What were Catholic churches forced to remove?
Their superstitious imagery and and statues
Why was Somerset and his government so cautious about altering religion?
Henry VIII’s will stated that there were to be no religious changes before Edward turned 18
What was the Chantries act? When was it?
Enforced the dissolution of the Chantries in 1547
What did parliament repeal?
The Treason act
Why the proclamations released been January and April 1458 released?
To limit those who could preach against religion
What happened in September 1548 that limited the spread of Protestantism?
The council were forced to ban public preaching
When was the Act of Uniformity passed and what did it mean?
January 1549, it ordered the clergy to use a number of protestant acts
What five acts were detailed in the Act of Uniformity?
- Sacraments now consisted of communion, baptism, confirmation, marriage and burial
- The clergy could marry
- Singing masses for the souls of the dead was not approved
- Holy communions and evensong were to be in English
- The laity could receive both bread and wine at communion
What 3 Catholic acts remained after the Act of Uniformity?
- Fast days and holy days remained
- The belief in purgatory was neither condemned or upheld
- Worship of saints was discouraged, not banned
The Act of Uniformity was supposed to appease the moderate reformists, what didn’t change that made it hard to enforce Protestantism though?
The laity were not punished for not attending church
How protestant was England by the fall of Somerset?
Most Catholic practices had been attacked but any extreme Protestant introductions were faced with opposition
Did reforms become more radical after the triumph of Protestantism in 1550? Why was this?
Yeah, they believed they would no longer face opposition for the reforms
What three campaigns were there for the banning/removal of Catholic images?
- July 1547: Royal injunctions ordered the removal of superstitious images
- February 1547: All imaged were to be removed
- December 1549: All images were to be destroyed
Who strengthened their power in 1551?
Northumberland
What did Northumberland deprive conservative Bishops of? What did this mean for the bishop majority?
Their sees (the land they held), this meant there was a Protestant majority
What happened when parliament in January 1522? Why was this able to happen?
A large-scale Protestant reformation was introduced
What did the New Treason Act’s introduction mean?
It became criminal to question the Royal Supremacy or any church beliefs
What was introduced under the large-scale Protestant reformation?
A second prayer book and the Second Act of Uniformity
Which was a more noticeable move toward Protestantism? The 2nd Prayer Book or the Second Act of Uniformity? Does this mean England was following Protestantism?
The 2nd Prayer book, it became the basis for all church services. But no, people did still oppose it’s introduction
What had church alters been replaced with?
Communion tables, Stone for Wood
Was England legally protestant by the death of Edward VI in 1553? Does this mean people also were?
Yeah. No, many opposed it, following it only because it was criminal not to
Which two areas seemed to take to Protestantism the most?
London and East Anglia
Was Mary a welcomed leader?
Yeah
What religious affiliation was Mary?
Heavily Catholic
How did Mary view Edwards death?
As a miracle
What were Mary’s 7 religious aims?
- Undo the religious changes since 1529
- Restore Papal Authority
- Restore traditional Catholic beliefs and transubstantiation
- Re-establish the dissolved religious houses
- End clerical marriage and restore the status of priests
- Secure Catholicism by marrying and having children
- Persecute those who did not agree with her
Which two key Catholic figures worried Mary would introduce reforms too quickly?
Charles V and the pope, Julius III
What did parliament refuse to repeal in October 1553? What did this suggest?
The act of Supremacy, this suggested an anti-papal feeling
What did Parliament pass in October 1553? What did this do?
An Act of Repeal. This undid Edwards reforms and restored the faith to that under the Act of Six Articles
What had Mary given up by the end of 1553?
The title of the supreme head of the CoE
What did Mary do soon after 1553 that faced no serious opposition?
Used the royal prerogative to suspend the Second Act of Uniformity and restored Latin mass
Why can’t the Wyatt’s rebellion be used to argue against support for Mary’s reforms?
It was before she did anything major and was mainly rooted in fear of a Spanish marriage
Why did the wealth Protestants do in 1554? How many did this?
Fled the country, near 800 protestants were said to have lived on the continent to avoid Mary
What did the Royal Injunctions of 1554 mean for England?
Catholic practices such as holy days were re-introduced but also led to the deprivation of large numbers of marriage clergy
What did Mary try and restore which the 1554 Parliament reject?
The Heresy laws
What did parliament require before agreeing to the reintroduction of the Heresy laws?
The promise that former monastic lands would not be restored to the church
What is the Parliamentary rejection of the 1554 Hersey laws more evidence towards rather than an objection to religious change?
Factional conflicts between Paget and Gardiner and the sanctity of property
When was the second Act of Repeal passed?
November 1554
What did the second Act of Repeal do?
Repealed all religious legislate since 1529
How was Mary forced to compromise with Land Owners for the second Act of Repeal? What did this mean for a full restoration of Catholicism?
She was forced to give property rights to those who had bought church lands since 1536. This meant a vast amount of monasteries could not be reintroduced
When were the Heresy laws introduced? When did the burnings begin?
1554, 1555
How many went to the stake under Mary and her heresy laws?
Nearly 300
Why was Cranmer burnt? Why was this a mistake?
Cramer had committed treason so could have been executed, the burning allowed him to withdraw his renunciations and die a proud Protestant. His courage would have reinforced Protestants opposed to Mary
When did Gardiner die?
November 1555
Why was the death of Gardiner bad for Mary and her burnings?
It allowed her to burn more people, but increased the divide between Protestants and Catholics, few people converted
Why were the burnings welcomed by some people?
It allowed them to sell their produce. It became a spectacle rather than religious execution
Where was the largest concentration of Protestants?
The south-east
Did Mary lay the foundations for a full Catholic restoration?
Yes, she did many things to allow Catholicism back into England
Was England Catholic by Mary’s death in 1558?
Yes, people took to the doctrinal reformations quickly. For example, they sang in Latin upon her return to London which was criminal at the time
What was the downfall of the Catholic restoration?
Mary was not queen long enough to give a Catholic heir to England
