Henry VII's Establishment of Power, Rebellions, Economic Policies and Nobility control Flashcards
How did Henry claim the throne?
He killed Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth
What years were Henry’s reign?
1485 - 1509
What three things did Henry do to secure the crown?
1- He dated the start of his reign from the day before Bosworth, opps were traitors so could have lands seized
2- He arranged for his coronation to occur before parliament met so people couldn’t claim his reign was a result of parliament
3- He asked for Papal Dispensation to marry Elizabeth of York to unite house Lancaster and York
Which two nephews of Richard III were a problem for Henry VII and how did he handle them?
1- Edward, Earl of Warwick, was sent to the ToL
2- John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, professed loyalty to the King and was invited to join the King’s council
Who were the other two Yorkists that weren’t the Earl of Warwick or the Earl of Lincoln and how did Henry handle them?
1- The Earl of Surrey was kept in prison until 1489
2- The Duke of Northumberland was released from prison in 1485 and had his power in control of the north was restored
What other major factor meant people didn’t support Henry VII?
He had spent 14 years in exile so was unaware of how to run England like the monarchs before him
What three factors made Henry VII appealing to the people of England?
1- Henry would offer peace to England, appealing to a country weary from war
2- Henry was replacing not only an unpopular King, but a dead one too
3- Henry wasn’t dependent on a noble family meant he could rule without major influence
What was the Lovell conspiracy?
The Lovell conspiracy was a plot by Yorkist supporters to attack Henry on a progression to the North of England
Who headed the Lovell conspiracy?
Lord Lovell and the Stafford Brothers
Why did the Lovell conspiracy fail?
Henry heard of the plot, sent a force to offer pardons or excommunication and death
Who headed the Lovell conspiracy in Wales and who put it down for Henry?
The Herberts and Vaughans, they were suppressed by Rhys ap Thomas
What was the result of the Lovell Conspiracy?
There wasn’t one. Henry still marched north, the putting down of the rebellion helped him win support and obedience
What were the two taxation rebellions and when did they take place?
1- The Yorkshire Rebellion, 1489
2- The Cornish Rebellion, 1497
What caused the Yorkshire Rebellion?
Henry’s attempt to raise money to aid Brittany in France
For what 4 reasons did Yorkshire not like Henry’s tax in 1489?
1- Parliament had already granted him £100k
2- Yorkshire had suffered a bad harvest in 1488
3- Other northern towns were exempt from the tax because they were responsible for border defence
4- They were a northern city that didn’t wish to be concerned with southern affairs
What happened when Henry attempted to take the Yorkshire tax of 1489?
The Earl of Northumberland was murdered once Henry said he would not negotiate the tax. This was followed by a rising that was easily crushed by the royal army.
Did Henry VII ever collect the Tax of 1489?
No, he never collected the tax
What did the Yorkshire Rebellion demonstrate to Henry and how did he account for this?
The Yorkshire Rebellion demonstrated that the North would not back down to the King. Henry accounted fro this by appointing the Earl of Surrey as his representative of the North
Why did Henry appoint the Earl of Surrey as his northern representative?
He held no invested interest and Henry held his estate. The estate would only be released if he was successful
What Caused the Cornish rebellion?
Henry’s need for money to fund a war with James IV of Scotland
Why did Cornwall not want to pay the tax that caused the Cornish rebellion?
As with Cornwall, they weren’t concerned with the events of northern England
How many people did the Cornwall rebellion attract?
15,000 supporters
What did the Cornwall rebels make clear upon the approach to London?
They made sure the king knew they had no quarrel with him, rather with evil counsellors
How did Henry handle the Cornwall rebellion?
Henry assembled 25,000 men who crushed the rebels in 1497 quite easily.
What did the Cornish rebellion demonstrate about loyalty to Henry in England?
Even 12 years into his reign his popularity was not massive
What do the taxation rebellions show about the position of England?
The country was unable to fund campaigns to support the Tudor monarchy
Who were the pretenders?
Lambert Simnell and Perkin Warbeck
Who did Lambert Simnel claim to be?
The Earl of Warwick
Where did Simnel mainly raise support from?
Oxford and Ireland
What was Simnel crowned as in Ireland?
Simnel was crowned Edward VI
Which foreigner supported Lambert Simnel and how?
Margaret of Burgundy, supplied money and 2,000 mercenaries
When did the plot begin and how long did it take Henry to learn about it?
It began in the autumn of 1486 but Henry was unaware until 1487
How did Henry try and defuse the Simnel rising?
He offered the rebels a pardon and paraded the real Earl of Warwick around London so people knew Simnel was a pretender
When did the Simnel rising become more serious than it already was?
They landed in Lancashire and marched south numbering 8,000 men
What two factors may have meant Simnel lacked support?
1- Ordinary people were sick of the conflict
2- People didn’t like the Irish forces, they were infamous for brutality
Where did Henry face Simnel?
Stoke, 1487
In what light should the Battle of Stoke be seen?
In a light similar to that of the Battle of Bosworth, a Weak claimant could have taken the throne from the King.
When did Perkin Warbeck arrive in Ireland and who is said to have plotted it?
1491, Charles VIII of France and Margaret of Burgundy
