Henry VIII & Wolsey Flashcards
What’s the common view of Henry VIII’s reign before 1529?
It was aimed at demonstrating a break from his father
Which two of Henry VII’s advisors did Henry VIII execute upon his ascension to throne?
Edmund Dudley and Sir Richard Empson
Who was Henry VIII’s first wife? Why this marriage useful for Henry?
Cathrine of Aragon, it restored the Anglo-Spanish alliance
What did Henry VIII want to experience to show he was a valiant king?
War
Why was War hard for Henry to achieve in the early years of his reign?
Many of his advisors favoured his father’s peaceful policies and were good at inaction
What was Henry tricked into doing in 1510? Who tricked him?
Renewing a Truce with France, Archbishop Warham and Bishop Fox
What did young Henry learn about Maximilian and Ferdinand or Aragon?
Both were unreliable, they would accept French bribes
When was Henry’s first invasion of France and what was the aim?
1512, it’s intention was to take Aquitaine
Who did Henry organise the 1512 invasion with? What happened as a result?
Ferdinand of Aragon, he used English presence as a distraction for the French to take land in the Pyrenees
Was the 1512 invasion successful?
No, it achieved nothing but was costly
When did Henry invade France for a second time? Where would the invasion focus on?
1513, The area around Calais
What did France realised about Henry’s 1513 invasion?
The English could inflict little damage if they weren’t confronted
Which town and which city did Henry capture in the 1513 invasion? What happened to these?
- Therouanne, it was given to Maximilian and burnt down
- Tournai, nothing happened to it but it gave Henry recognition as it was internationally recognised
Which two Battles took place in 1513?
1- The Battle of the Spurs
2- The Battle of Flodden
Which was more significant a victory, the Battle of the Spurs or the Battle of Flodden? Why?
Battle of Flodden, it was fought while Henry was away and got rid of the Scottish threat for many years
What did the 1512 and 1513 French invasions do the English economy?
The invasions exhausted the economy, Henry couldn’t finance a third campaign in 1514
What did Henry seek in 1514 with France? What happened as a result?
A Peace Policy: the French were to pay the arrears for the French Pension; Henry got to keep Tournai; Henry’s sister would marry Louis XII
Was the 1514 peace policy between England and France advantageous compared to the campaigns of 1512/1513?
Not particularly, advantages were minimal and Henry had lost the ability to use his sister in the marriage market
What happened to Henry VIII’s court compared to Henry VII’s?
It was more vibrant and lively
Why were the nobility less a threat to Henry VIII as they had been to Henry VII?
He reestablished the traditional relationship between nobility and King
What three factors made Wolsey able to rise to power?
Luck, talent and dedication
What would Wolsey tell Henry VIII?
Exactly what Henry wanted to hear
When did Wolsey originally make his mark for Henry?
The 1513 French Expedition, he organised the logistics and defied his superiors so Henry’s wishes were granted
What did Wolsey become in 1515?
Lord Chancellor and a Cardinal
What was Wolsey appointed as in 1518?
Papal Legate
What was made lifelong in 1524 for Wolsey?
His Papal Legate status
Out of Wolsey and Henry, who dictated English politics?
Henry, Wolsey had power undoubtedly but could be over-ruled by the King, Wolsey used his power to please the King, not himself
What did Henry want from his early foreign policy?
The assertion of English power on the continent in the name of glory
What did Wolsey give Henry in his early foreign policy to still achieve glory?
A series of treaties and meetings
Why did Wolsey push Henry towards glorious diplomacy?
England lacked the finances and the resources to compete with Spain and France
Was Henry VIII concerned with trade?
Not to the degree of his father but did ensure good relations with Burgundy because of the cloth trade
Was Henry trying to unite Scotland?
No, he was most likely trying to subdue them to limit the threat of a backdoor invasion
What happened between 1515-19 that made Foreign affairs for Wolsey hard to navigate?
Francis I became King of France, Charles V became Holy Roman Emperor. Both were young and wanted to assert power like Henry.
What Francis encourage the Duke of Suffolk to do that undermined Henry’s position as ruler?
He encouraged him to marry Henry’s sister Mary, this marriage to a non-royal without permission was disrespectful and it took Mary off of the marriage market which was of no benefit to Henry
What happened in 1515 that furthered weakened England’s position in Europe?
The French victory at Marignano gave France control of Milan
What did Henry order in response to the French Victory at Marignana?
He ordered Wolsey to build an Anti-French alliance
Why did the Anti-French alliance in 1515 never happen?
The accession of Charles I resulted in a peace treaty between France and Spain, HRE Maximilian joined this, leaving England sidelined
The papal initiative to raise troops to fight the Turks was spun by Wolsey into what?
The Treaty of London
When was the Treaty of London?
October 1518
Why was the Treaty of London pivotal for Henry looking powerful?
Each involved country signed the treaty with Henry separately
What sacrifice was made by Wolsey for the Treaty of London?
The English returned Tournai to the French
What happened in 1519 that further undermined the Treaty of London
Charles I was elected Holy Roman Emporer
