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PTE > Religion, social justice and human rights > Flashcards

Religion, social justice and human rights Flashcards

1
Q

what are human rights?

A

the basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings should be entitled

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2
Q

what is social justice?

A

ensuring that society treats people fairly whether they are poor or wealthy and protects people’s human rights

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3
Q

what does UDHR stand for?

A

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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4
Q

what is the UDHR?

A
  • response to WW2 events
  • Drew on ideas of many different cultures + centuries
  • Sought to express key principles and values
  • not law but a foundation for law
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5
Q

what is the first article of the UDHR?

A

“All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood”

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6
Q

What is the Human Rights Act (HRA)?

A
  • UK law passed in 1998
  • Based on European Convention of Human Rights (1950)
  • Rights relate to life, liberty, security, privacy, marriage, family life, free elections, education and fair trial
  • Torture, slavery and forced labour specifically prohibited
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7
Q

what does the CDHR stand for?

A

Cairo Declaration of Human Rights

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8
Q

What is the CDHR?

A
  • signed on 5th August 1990 by 57 members of OIC (Organisation of the Islamic Conference)
  • Builds on Qur’an teachings, Sunnah, (practices of Muhammad) + Shari’ah law
  • All rights and freedoms stipulated are subject to Shari’ah law
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9
Q

Why was the CDHR made?

A
  • most Muslim countries signed UDHR too
  • some like Saudi Arabia + Iran said it violated Shari’ah law
  • they said UDHR only considers Western Christian and Jewish views - not representative of non-western countries
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10
Q

what do people think of the CDHR?

A

Non-Muslims:
- step forward for human rights in Muslim countries
- human rights = more protection
- some things need to change - eg. gay rights/sex outside marriage

Muslims:
- human rights are based on modern culture - not necessarily what is right

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11
Q

How do Christians promote social justice?

A
  • follow Jesus’s teachings - eg. Parable of the Sheep and the Goats
  • campaign to improve lives of the less fortunate - eg. William Wilberforce (slavery), Lord Shaftesbury (factory conditions + education)
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12
Q

How do Muslims promote social justice?

A
  • give Zakah (compulsory) - 2.5% of wealth for good causes yearly
  • get involved with social + community projects - eg. for homeless + poor
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13
Q

Key Bible quote on human rights and following the law?

A
  • “All his ways are just” - Deuteronomy 32:4
  • “Let everyone be subject tot he governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established” - Romans 13:1
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14
Q

What responsibilities come with human rights?

A
  • neither the UN nor the OIC can enforce human rights - they aren’t law
  • everyone has the right to freedom of speech but must be responsible not to say anything that causes offence to others
  • children have the right to protection from cruelty and neglect but the responsibility not to harm each other
  • apply to both individuals and countries and governments
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15
Q

what is the main religious tradition of Britain?

A

Christianity
(Monarch is the official head of the Church of England and has been the ‘defender of faith’ since 1521)

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16
Q

what sort of religious freedoms are there in the UK?

A
  • religious freedoms are protected by the govt - choose to follow any religion or none
  • illegal to persecute anyone based on faith
  • anyone can encourage others to follow their faith, as long as they aren’t preaching hatred and intolerance
  • people who are found guilty of discriminating against members of particular religious traditions can be punished by the court
  • politics and religion based conflict in NI (Catholics v Protestants) during second half of 20th Century has largely ended
17
Q

What is religious freedom like in other countries?

A
  • religious freedom is protected by both UDHR and CDHR
  • some governments in the world still don’t allow their citizens religious freedom - eg. Saudi Arabia
18
Q

What is does the UDHR say about religious freedom?

A

“Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion…”

19
Q

How is France an example of restricted religious freedom?

A
  • it is secular - no public expression of faith
  • 2016 Burkini Ban - Muslims were asked to undress/were removed from beaches because they wore religious dress
  • limited religious freedom because it is illegal to express it publicly - fairly intolerant society
20
Q

How is Geert Wilders an example of restricted religious freedom?

A
  • Far right Dutch leader with 23% of the vote
  • Advocates banning Muslim immigration + the Qur’an
  • convicted for collective discrimination in 2016
  • led a chant for fewer Moroccans in the Netherlands and never apologised
21
Q

Why does religious intolerance exist?

A
  • misunderstandings
  • historical/religious disputes - eg. Holy Land
  • human nature - people hate each other + are afraid of the unknown
  • ignorance - eg. no RS in France
  • people can’t agree with each other
  • power/control of others
22
Q

what do Christians believe about freedom of religion?

A
  • encourages tolerance and harmony
  • not allowed to fight against other Christian denominations/other religions
23
Q

key Bible quote on religious freedom?

A

“If it is possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone” - Romans 12:18

24
Q

what do Muslims believe about freedom of religion?

A
  • it is part of God’s design and is taught in the Qur’an
  • the whole of a believer’s life can be seen as religious expression if lived according to God’s will
  • Shari’ah law can punish people who convert to another religion from Islam - only strictly enforced in a few countries
  • some countries have strict blasphemy laws to stop criticising Qur’an, Muhammad, Jesus + other prophets
25
Q

Key Qur’an quote about religious freedom?

A

“Now the truth has come from your Lord: let those who wish to believe it do so and let those who wish to reject it do so” - Qur’an 18:29

26
Q

what is prejudice?

A
  • prejudices are biased opinions that we hold
  • can be about an individual or a group of people
  • often negative but not always
  • lead to judgements about people before we know them
27
Q

what is a stereotype?

A
  • A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image of a person or thing
  • received idea sticks because it is passed on from person to person
28
Q

Give an example of prejudice

A

Men are better at numbers than women

29
Q

Give an example of a sterotype

A
  • English people drink tea
  • Dutch people are tall
30
Q

Where do prejudices come from?

A
  • Fear of the unknown
  • personal experience (+ extrapolation)
  • historical conflicts
  • family
  • social media
31
Q

How are discrimination and prejudice linked but different?

A
  • discrimination results from prejudice
  • prejudice is a thought, discrimination is an action
32
Q

What are some examples of discrimination?

A
  • hiring a younger man instead of an older man - assumes he is more industrious
  • male nurse is assumed to be a doctor
  • more regular stop and search of Black + Asian people
  • can also be inaction - choosing not to talk to someone because they don’t look like the type of person you would talk to
33
Q

What is positive discrimination?

A

Treating people more favourably because they have been discriminated against in the past or have disabilities

34
Q

What are some examples of positive discrimination?

A
  • hiring a male teacher even if the female teacher is more qualified in order to have both male and female staff at the school
  • common in organisations like the police to protect minorities from discrimination when applying for jobs
35
Q

What is the Muslim view in racism?

A
  • The Qur’an doesn’t support the idea that differences of race or skin colour justify treating people unfairly
  • equality + differences in the way people look shows God’s creativity and variety
  • Ummah makes no distinction between people of different races
36
Q

Key Qur’an quote on racial prejudice?

A

“An Arab is not better than a non-Arab and a non-Arab is not better than an Arab; a white person is not better than a black person nor is a black person better than a white person…”

37
Q

What do Christians believe about racism?

A
  • they oppose racism
  • Paul had a vision that everyone is equal in Jesus - revolutionary then and still not completely accepted
  • 20th century - races kept apart + discrimination eg. USA and South Africa
  • Christians eg. Martin Luther King and Desmond Tutu

PTE (9 decks)

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