Reliability Nd Validity In Diagnosis Nd Classification Of Sz Including Reference To Co-morbidity,culture Nd Gender Bias Nd Symptom Overlap Flashcards
Definition= diagnosis
-The identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms
-e.g= someone reporting hearing voices
Definition=classification
-process of classifying something the classification of disease according to symptoms
-e.g a symptom of sz is hallucinations
REALIABILITY AO1
-Conducted by CHENIAUX
-asked 2 psychiatrists to diagnose same 100 patient using DSM nd ICD
-reliability= weather can gain consistent results nd diagnosing sz
-is the extent to which ICD and DSM consistently agree upon how sz should be classified
-2 more more health professionals would consistently agree on same diagnosis= measures inter-rater reliability
-in study 1 psych diagnosed 26 ppl using DSM nd other diagnosed 13
-using ICD one psych diagnosed 44 the other 24
-shows poor inter-rater reliability as one diagnosed double amount than other
VALIDITY AO1
(measuring what we intend to measure)
-conducted by CHENIAUX
-asked 2 psychiatrists to diagnose same 100 using DSM nd ICD
-validity= is extent to which we are accurately identifying sz symptoms in individual
-is the extent to which ICD nd DSM accurately identify the symptoms of sz
-V=extent to which 2 or more health professionals would accurately diagnose sz using classification sys
-in study one psych diagnosed double n of patients using ICD than DSM
System overlap
-2 or more conditions share similar symptoms
E.g both sz nd depression involve neg symptoms such as avolition
Co-morbidity
-2 conditions occur at same time
-sz commonly diagnosed with other conditions such as depression nd OCD they share common symptoms
E.g lowered motivation
- this is a prob means that sz may not exist as a distinct condition which may lead to misdiagnosis
Gender bias
-men been diagnosed with sz more than women
-Men are more genetically vulnerable to develop sz
-However may be coz women with sz may function better than men more likely to work nd have good family relationships
AO3 symptom overlap
P-one prob of reliability nd validity of classification nd diagnosis of sz is that there is SO
E- 2 or more conditions share similar symptoms
E-e.g sz nd depression involve neg symptoms AVOLITION
L-questions validity nd reliability of classification diagnosis of sz coz individual maybe diagnosed with wrong disorder, issue doctor not diagnosing sz correctly nd therefore individuals may not receive app treatment
Weakens validity nd reliability
AO3 gender bias
P-issue with validity of diagnosis nd classification of sz= gender bias in diagnosis
E-1980 men diagnosed sz more than women
E-this maybe coz men= genetically vulnerable to develop sz
However could be fem with sz function better than men, able to work, good fam rele therefore maybe masked good interpersonal skill (cotton et al)
L- questions validity nd reliability as fem who share similar symptoms as men may not receive same diagnosis as symptoms may seem mild
AO3 co-morbidity
P- A key issue with diagnosing schizophrenia is comorbidity.
E-Buckley et al. (2009) found that 50% of schizophrenia patients also have depression, and 23% are also diagnosed with OCD.
E-issue as doctors may not be diagnosing sz correctly nd therefore not receive app treatment.
L-weakens validity nd reliability as negatively affects accuracy nd consistency
AO3 culture bias
P-a prob with classification nd diagnosis of sz= culture bias
E-eng ppl of African Caribbean 10 times more likely to be diagnosed with sz compared to white Britons.This is attributed to Afro-Caribbean societies viewing positive symptoms of schizophrenia (like hearing voices) as less abnormal than in the UK.
E-highlights a cultural difference in interpreting behaviors, questions the validity and reliability of diagnosing schizophrenia. Diagnosis may unfairly depend on cultural norms, rather than actual symptoms.
L-This shows that cultural bias impacts the likelihood of being diagnosed with schizophrenia, weakening the diagnostic system
