reliability in diagnosing schizophrenia A01

Question 1

define reliability

Answer 1

consistency of measurements

Question 2

define diagnostic reliability

Answer 2

a diagnosis of sz must be repeatable

Question 3

what does it mean by repeatable?

Answer 3

clinicians must be able to reach the same conclusions

Question 4

define inter-rater reliability

Answer 4

different clinicians must reach the same conclusions

Question 5

define test-retest reliability

Answer 5

clinicians must be able to reach the same conclusions

Question 6

what is inter rater reliability measured by?

Answer 6

a kappa score

Question 7

what does a kappa score of one mean?

Answer 7

indicates perfect inter-rater agreement

Question 8

what does a kappa score of zero mean?

Answer 8

zero agreement

Question 9

what is considered a good kappa score?

Answer 9

0.7 and above

Question 10

who conducted a DSM field trial where the diagnosis of sz had only a kappa score of 0.46?

Answer 10

Regier

Question 11

what was the kappa score for Regier’s DSM field trials?

Answer 11

0.46

Question 12

is 0.46 considered good or bad?

Answer 12

extremely bad

Question 13

what may have an influence on the diagnostic process?

Answer 13

culture

Question 14

who studied the cultural differences in sz diagnosis?

Answer 14

Copeland

Question 15

what did Copeland do and find?

Answer 15

he gave 134 US and 194 British psychiatrists a description of a patient. 69% of the US psychiatrists diagnosed sz, but only 2% of the British psychiatrists diagnosed sz.

Question 16

what does Copeland’s study show?

Answer 16

the influence culture has on the diagnostic process.

Question 17

what characteristic of sz appears to be influenced by cultural environment?

Answer 17

hearing voices

Question 18

describe Luhrmann’s interview he conducted

Answer 18

he interviewed 60 adults diagnosed with sz- 20 from Ghana, India and the US. He asked them about the voices they heard.

Question 19

what did Luhrmann find?

Answer 19

He found that the patients from Ghana and India had positive experiences with the voices, but not one US patient did.

Question 20

what did the US patients describe their voices as?

Answer 20

violent and hateful

Question 21

what did Luhrmann suggest?

Answer 21

He suggested that the harsh and violent voices so common in the West may not be an inevitable feature of schizophrenia.