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Clinical Psychology > Relevance of Psych in SA > Flashcards

Relevance of Psych in SA Flashcards

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1
Q

what two things influence relevance of psychology

A

● ‘Universal’ diagnostic systems
● Influence and importance of culture

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2
Q

from where are treatments interventions, and research in south Africa imported from

A

“Imported” treatments, interventions, and research from Northern + Western contexts

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3
Q

why is traditional healing not being implemented in south African health system

A

there is a cultural fit between profession/discipline
and the people it’s trying to help

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4
Q

true or false
psychology Focuses on individual at expense of community

A

true

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5
Q

name 3 things hindering accessibility of MHC in SA

A

can’t afford, travel, lack of education

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6
Q

fill in the blank
……psychology has compartmentalisation of issues, rather than holistic view

A

Western

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7
Q

what makes mental health in sa fall of the priority list (2 marks)

A

Infrastructure and budget

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8
Q

what is the role of language and relevance in SA (2 marks)

A

Language -> naming and conceptions of mental difficulties (including narrative);

language of therapist vs language of patient

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9
Q

fill in the blank
1974 -> Afrikaans Medium Decree promulgated, led to:

A

1976 -> riots in Soweto and Cape Town

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10
Q

what made the 1976 riots in Soweto and cape town so significant in terms of relevance of psychology

A

● TV introduced, seeing images of what was happening, could no longer deny
● Mounting local + international censure of Apartheid rule

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11
Q

what formed out of the 1980s anti-apartheid protest

A

○ Formation of racially integrated PASA
(Psychological Association of South Africa)

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12
Q

fill in the blank
Split in 1960s SA where white Afrikaner nationalists broke away from SAPA (South African Psychological Association), formed …

A

PIRSA
(Psychological Institute for Republic of South Africa)

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13
Q

what is OASSA (2 marks)

A

■ All mental health professionals
■ Organisation for Appropriate Social Services in South Africa

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14
Q

in what decade did the Formation of Psychology and Apartheid Committee

A

1980s

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15
Q

name 4 aspects of “Relevance” Debate in Psychology

A

○ Euro-American bias of discipline
○ Marginalised experiences of Black majority
○ Indifference to human rights abuses of the state
○ Understanding that what’s going on outside of the consulting room matters

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16
Q

who was the

A

● White, middle-class, European/American, ethnocentric and coloniser worldview

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17
Q

what did the “Relevance” Debate in Post-Apartheid South Africa lack

A

● Lack of broader, systemic, socio-political interventions

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18
Q

what did the “Relevance” Debate in Post-Apartheid South Africa silence ?

A

● Silences around contextual issues: race, class, gender, etc
○ “And how these relate to issues like poverty, power, inequality, and exploitation”
~ Ahmed & Pillay, 2004

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19
Q

what is PsySSA

A

> all organisations integrated into this democratic association
○ Psychological Society of South Africa

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20
Q

what does it mean to say Psychology has inertia (2 marks)

A

● psychology is Transient, relatively immune to changes
● There is an awareness of the issues, but overall little improvement
○ Same debates + conversations happening across decades

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21
Q

name 4 things the discipline of psychology does

A

○ Initiates you
○ Disciplines you
○ Teaches you a way of thinking
○ Clashes with personal politics + values
■ Shouldn’t lose yourself

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22
Q

name 4 key drivers of the relevance debate (very very important, so boy you better know this!!!)

A
  1. Curriculum issues
  2. Research issues
  3. Professional issues
  4. Training issues
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23
Q

what are the curriculum issues in terms of the relevance debate

A

○ Euro-American bias
○ Curriculum change is not be all and end all
■ Doesn’t mean underlying ideologies have been changed

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24
Q

fill in the blank
○…% of articles are about ‘race’ (SAJP 2007-2012)

A

2%

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25
Q

what does the following stat speak to in terms of relevance
○ 2% of articles look at HIV/AIDS (SAJP 1999-2003)

A

speaks to denialism

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26
Q

what are the two main research issues in terms of the relevance debate

A

○ Poor uptake of government priorities
○ Sidelining of contextual issues -> unresolved traumas

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27
Q

in terms of the relevance debate, what are two professional issues
(4 marks, 2 for naming, 2 for explaining)

A

○ ‘Race’
■ Still divisions and inequality
○ Language
■ Majority fluent in only English and/or Afrikaans

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28
Q

in terms of the relevance debate, what are two training issues
(4 marks, 2 for naming, 2 for explaining)

A

○ Selection criteria
■ Life experience -> volunteering, travelling, etc have an inherent class
aspect (need money)
○ Selection panels
■ Going to an interview where the interviewer is different from you
(viewpoints, culture, etc) -> intimidating

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29
Q

there are 5 broad explanations to Why the Apparent Lack of Progress of psychology in SA, name them

A
  1. Personal biographies
  2. Regulatory authorities
  3. Institutional cultures
  4. Broader societal factors
  5. The discipline itself
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30
Q

fill in the blank
○ Health professionals need to belong to a…

A

council

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31
Q

what are Institutional cultures Linked to

A

the society they are found in

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32
Q

true or false
○ Critique does lead to productive activity

A

false
○ Critique does not lead to productive activity

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33
Q

what are disciplines reflections of ( 2marks)

A

societies
-Reflection of how a given society imagines its problems and responses to those
problems -> social arrangements, social institutions, societal factors

34
Q

name 3 international psychology relevance debates

A

● American psychology
● European psychology
● “Third world” psychology

35
Q

in the 1960s and 1970s , there were years of international protest, name 5 things that these protests were about

A

○ White racism
○ Gender oppression
○ Homophobia
○ Vietnam war
○ Oppressive governments

36
Q

there are 3 elements to the American psychology in crisis, what are they

A

● Artefact crisis
● Ethics crisis
● Relevance crisis

37
Q

what was the artefact crisis about

A

○ Experimental psychologists started raising questions about validity and
reliability of knowledge being produced

38
Q

Milgram’s Shock Experiments formed part of what crisis

A

ethics crisis

39
Q

name 2 aspects of the relevance crisis

A

1.Fun-and-game values -> social psychologists complained
■ Constructing experiments that did not connect to real-world issues
2. Social psychology as history -> paper
■ Argued that social psychological knowledge never holds true for a long
period of time

40
Q

what year was the student revolution (European Psychology in Crisis)

A

1968

41
Q

fill in the following
EU social psychology was..

A

atheoretical

42
Q

what was American psychology ideology at odds with

A

their own political values

43
Q

what was the two main arguments behind “Third-World” Psychology in Crisis -> post-colonial period

A

● Euro-American psychology is invalid
● No credible alternative
○ Internationalisation of relevance

44
Q

there are 4 earlier debates about relevance, what are they.

A
  1. 1936: founding of SPSSI
    ○ Society for psychological society of sociological issues
  2. 1920s: Boring vs Terman
    ○ Debate between experimental and applied psychologists
    ○ Boring -> psychology = laboratory study
  3. 1911: The crisis of experimental psychology (Kostyleff)
  4. 1899: The crisis in psychology (Willy)
45
Q

there are 3 arguments to the question of “Why do Questions About Psychology’s “Relevance” Never Seem to End?’”
what are they

A
  1. ● Issues don’t get resolved and in a sense they can’t get resolved because what is
    ‘relevant’ changes by context and time -> won’t be “relevant” forever
  2. ● Psychology as a “soft science” with no “hard evidence”
    ● Human beings are constantly changing
46
Q

what is the two main premise of psychology being seen as a soft science?

A

○ Feminisation of psychology over time; men become minority in discipline +
profession -> framed as feminine pursuit of ‘caregiving’ by some
○ Status of discipline; respect given to it

47
Q

Human beings are constantly changing, what are they most affected by

A

labels

48
Q

What is “Relevance”?

A

Essentially refers to benefits Psychology is thought to offer to society
○ If relevant, has benefits
○ If has no applicability, not relevant

49
Q

what is the Underlying talk of ‘relevance’

A

the notion of the ‘public good’

BUT
○ What is ‘good’?
■ Subjective
○ Which ‘public’ is being referred to?
■ What is relevant for one sector/population of SA society is not relevant for another

50
Q

name 3 different types of relevance

A

1.Social relevance
○ Discipline must contribute to human welfare
2. Cultural relevance
○ Afrocentrism + accessibility
3. Market relevance
○ International benchmarking of disciplinary outputs

51
Q

what are the 4 aspects of Disciplinary DNA

A

● Failure to define Psychology’s subject matter
● The basic vs applied distinction
● Indecision about Psychology’s cognitive interest
● Difficulty theorising rapid social change

52
Q

what are the 5 problems of violence spoken about in the article “Nation on the Couch: Relations of Relationlessness”

A

● Interpersonal
● Racism
● Xenophobia
● Economic -> income inequality, etc
● Epistemic

53
Q

name 4 types of epistemic violence

A

symbolic,
structural,
institutional,
symbolic

54
Q

name the 3 problems of misrecognition

A

● Notion of the Other
● The history of humans is largely a history of masters and slaves
● The impossibility of recognition

55
Q

describe the term “notion of other”

A

○ Person, group, culture, etc
○ Cannot acknowledge full recognition of existence + humanity of the next person

56
Q

hagels dialectic is linked to what theory

A

pessimistic theory

57
Q

what do scholars say there is a impossibility of recognition (2 marks)

A

○ Master who has vanquished the slave now wants to be recognised but the
slave is in no position to give this recognition -> what is it worth?
○ Not possible to create state of mutual recognition

58
Q

what two notions is human nature in psychology linked to

A

notions of universalising and essentializing

59
Q

in human nature, Relationality is the …

A

primary goal

60
Q

true or false:
Being recognised -> being attended to is a fundamental developmental need

A

true

61
Q

the 21st century life is characterised by two things, what are they

A

1.Endless possibilities for interpersonal connection
■ Social media + globalisation
2. Yet there is a profound degree of loneliness
■ Considered a public health problem
■ Social comparison -> curated nature of social media

62
Q

what are the 3 principles of life under modernity

A

1.The work we do is not ours
○ Doing it for an institution, because got hired, etc
2. We regard one another as rivals
○ Competing for positions, promotions, to be recognised
3. We become estranged from ourselves
○ focus on working/doing rather than being

63
Q

true or false:
alienation is not more than a psychological concept

A

false, it is more
● it is a bridging concept between our inner and outer worlds
● An estrangement from the world and everything in it

64
Q

fill in the blank
Alienation not absence of relationships, but presence of ….

A

distorted relationships

65
Q

name 2 things we as humans are alienated from

A

○ The activity + product of labour -> need to feel it is meaningful in some way
○ Other people + oneself

66
Q

true or false:
Disrespect takes root in an unequal society; violence as a manifestation/reaction

A

true

67
Q

Inequality forms part of a psychological question as well a?

A

as a material question

68
Q

fill in the blank
In the underclasses (lowest), respect is what matters most and smallest action of
disrespect can cause a … response

A

“disproportionate”

69
Q

explain the notion of Collapse of agency -> “pick yourself up by your bootstraps” (2 marks)

A

○ Most South Africans don’t get to live a good life -> in line with what they believe a worthwhile life to be
○ Leads to hopelessness

70
Q

what does shame cause?

A

an implosion/collapse

71
Q

what is the missing link’
Projection -> …. -> project shame onto those who are already downtrodden

A

violence

72
Q

what does fanon mean

A

the colonised do not take frustrations out on the colonisers, but on their fellow colonised

73
Q

name 2 things that result from the following process

A

○ Violence in SA as mind-blowing + sadistic
○ Divides + segregation

74
Q

who said the following “there isn’t a single document of civilisation that isn’t
simultaneously a document of barbarism”

A

Walter Benjamin

75
Q

what is the criminal justice system relatively indiffernet to

A

social factors

76
Q

what two things lead to Psychosocial Thinking

A

● Individualising + socialising trauma

77
Q

Understand how trauma does not happen in a vacuum, it comes from somewhere.
where? (2 marks)

A

○ A context
○ A context in which recognition is very difficult and acts of misrecognition are a
reflection of “relations of relationlessness” -> connected but in damaged ways

78
Q

there is an importance of not reducing the social to the psychological but also not being?

A

tone-deaf regarding the psychological when it comes to the social

79
Q

what allows for the social and psychological domains to remain in conversation with one another

A

“Alienation”

80
Q

The discipline of Psychology shows itself to one depending on…

A

your class, wealth, opportunities etc

Clinical Psychology (6 decks)

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