EBIs Flashcards
define evidence-based therapies
any therapeutic technique which has been
shown to be effective
fill in the blank
EB as a medical movement was started in early … by Canadian epidemiologist,David Sackett
1980s
what was Canadian epidemiologist,
David Sackett famously known for in terms of EB practise (2 marks)
● Encouraged clinical decision-making that was grounded in evidence
● His ideas spread throughout medicine, including psychiatry (EB movement)
why did the EBT movement in psychology adopt the FDA evidence model
● Psychiatry guidelines tended to underplay the value of psychological treatments - FDA model lent validity to the discipline
why was EB psychology developed and what did it focus on (2 marks)
● Developed to give psychological treatments greater perceived validity
● Focused on brief, focal treatments for specific disorders
>Involvement of insurance -> was perceived as cheap + effective + short-term
In 2006 APA released a policy on EB practice in psychology. What are 3 criticisms?
■ Conception + treatment of mental illnesses heavily influenced by culture.
■ Disorders constructed in different ways
■ Prescription of capitalism + West in EBT
fill in the blank
2006: APA released policy on EB practice in psychology:
“This policy emphasises integrating the best-available research with .. in the ..of the patient’s… , individual …, and personal ..”
-clinical expertise
-context
-culture
-characteristics
-preferences
best research evidence=?
data from a range of research methodology
name 5 data from a range of research methodologies
○ randomised controlled trials
○ effectiveness studies
○ process studies
○ single-case reports
○ systematic case studies
say whether the following is true or false:
● Policies about EB practice in psychologyare intended to minimize patients’ choices about treatment
false
its intended to maximize
fill in the blank
○ Globally, lifetime rates of psychiatric disorders range from …
○ SASH (Williams et al., 2008) showed 12 month prevalence rate of ..for
CMDs and a lifetime prevalence of ….(Herman et al., 2009)
-12-47%
-16%
-30%
what is estimated to be leading cause of disability worldwide by 2030
depression, Ahead of cardiovascular disease, car accidents, and HIV/AIDS
mental disorders lead to….
a greater impairment than chronic medical disorders
true or false
In SA, 23.6 days spent ‘out of role’; days when people unable to work or
carry out usual daily activities due to mental illness (Mall et al., 2014)
true, Direct + indirect costs to individuals, communities and economies are enormous.
fill in the blank
Loss of income for South Africans with CMDs is $….
THe total annual cost to SA is $…. in lost income
-$4,798
-$3.6 billion
public health expenditure of US$150
per capita serves 84% of the population, while private expenditure is ten times as much, serving only 16% of South Africans (Benatar, 2013)
what does this reflect about South Africa health care expenditure (two marks)
●South African healthcare expenditure reflects the country’s profound socioeconomic inequalities
● Overrepresented private sector -> most resources
what is the ratio of psychologists and psychiatrist to every 100 000 people in the public service
a ratio of 0.32 psychologists and 0.28 psychiatrists for every 100 000 people in public service
true or false:
Access to care is equal
Access to care is NOT equal: Treatment gap of up to 90% in LMICs.
In SA, treatment gap is 75% (SASH)
when was the global health movement established
2007
what is the Global Mental Health (GMH) movement
a movement to improve mental health services (especially in low-middle-income countries
(LMIC)
what are the Two principles that are fundamental to the mental health movement
scientific evidence + human rights.
what are the two primary goals of the mental health movement
○ address human rights issues in mental health
○ only support interventions / programmes / treatments that are based on
scientific evidence
the best research evidence=?
data from a range of research methodology
name 5 research methodology that evidence based data can come from
1.meta-analyses,
2.randomised controlled trials,
3.effectiveness studies,
4.process studies,
5. single-case reports,
MREPS
what methodology has come to represent “best” evidence (or even only evidence)
RCTs
define efficacy is when we talking about evidence based practice
the extent to which intervention produces expected results under ideal
conditions in controlled environment
fill in the blank
RCTS are condiered “evidence producers” as their evidence is derived from trials where threat to … is minimised
internal validty
what would internal validity mean in EBT
confidence that cause-and-effect relationship is not due to other factor
what is considered the gold standard in EBT
RCT
name 3 reasons why RCT`s are known as the gold standard
“Purity”,
controlled variables,
internal validity
true or false:
RCTs enable researchers to establish cause and effect
true
what has EB treatment has become synonymous with
efficacy