Relationships W/ Outddors Of Non Indigenous People (3.1.3) Flashcards
What did Europeans believe of the land?
That they were superior to the land and had to improve it
What is a commodity?
Land was of value if you could make money off it
What is a resource?
Land was essential for survival in new country
What did the first non indigenous people bring to Aus?
- disease
- pest species
- alcohol, opium etc.
What pets species did the non indigenous people bring?
Foxes, rabbits
What were the first indigenous people’s perceptions of the land?
- they feared the land
- opportunity to make changes to save the land
When did the first non indigenous people arrive?
1788
When did increasing population occur?
1800s to 1880s
When did industrialisation occur?
1880s to 1900s
When did nation building occur?
1900s onwards
When did the gold rush population increase occur?
It doubled from 1851 to 1858
What impact did the gold rush have on the enviro.?
Increased populations put huge strains on resources
What affects did increasing populations have on Phillip island?
-soil erosion due to removal of trees, intro of hard hoofed animals
What were the perceptions of the first non-ind settlers?
Opportunity, fear and land to be saved
What opportunities did the first non ind settlers perceive for the land?
As it was terra nullius they saw it as being able to suit their own needs and provide a profit
Why did the first non ind settlers fear the land and the land at Phillip island?
It was wild and at Philip island there was a scarcity of fresh water
What were the impacts of the first non ind settlers?
Farming, clearing land
What occurred in the interaction of farming in the time of increasing population?
McHaffie brothers (1842) rented Phillip island with pastoral lease to introduce hard hoofed animals (sheep cattle)
What occurred in the interaction of clearing the land during increasing population?
Phillip island land was cleared of dense tea tree by lighting fires to burn the shrub.
Why did populations increase so rapidly during 1800s-1880’s?
Gold rush
What were the perceptions during nation building?
- Aus seen as blank canvas
- want to build a prosperous nation
When was the first access road built?
1927
When was the first access bridge built?
1939
What were some interactions during nation building?
- Tourism, people taken by torchlight to visit little penguins
- 4 hectares of land given to protect penguins
What were the impacts of nation building?
- enviro was being protected and national parks being created. Land given to penguins lead to protection
- increased tourism was neg for enviro
What were the perceptions during industrialisation?
- use enviro as a resource
- enviro was in danger and needs protection
What were the interactions during industrialisation?
- farming on larger scale due to machinery allowing it to be more efficient.
- chicory farming
- working hours improved (8hrs a day)
- field naturalists
- first national parks created
- tourism increases due to discovery of little penguins
What were the impacts of industrialisation?
- could take more from enviro. on larger scale
- recognised need for protection due to increased tourism and decreased work hours
When was lake pepper flooded?
In 1973 for hydro-electricity
When did the field naturalists club form?
1880
What was the purpose of the wilderness society?
-protect/ promote/ restore wilderness
What was the wilderness society best known for?
Successful campaigning to stop the damning of the Franklin river
Did the wilderness society have any political affiliations?
No
When did the southwest action committee (SWAC) come about?
After a meeting held in Hobart on 12th of November 1962
How many members did the SWAC have?
1000
What is one organisation represented by SWAC?
The save lake pedder committee
Why was the SWAC committee formed?
Protest damning of lake perder
What group did SWAC join with?
The United Tasmania Group in 1972
What did the United Tasmania group become?
The worlds first green political party
When did SWAC change their name and what to?
Changed to the Tasmanian wilderness society (later just wilderness society) in 1976 after flooding of lake
How did indigenous perspectives change after settlement?
The remained the same. Still perceived the land as mother and that they were custodians of the land
How did the interactions of the indigenous peoples change after settlement?
- fire stick farming banned by law
- fences provided restriction on their ability to live their nomadic lifestyle
- couldn’t hunt in traditional ways instead killed sheep and cattle
When did the McHaffie brothers rent Phillip island?
1842
Why did the rate of farming increase during industrialisation?
Machinery was introduced increasing efficiency
What was the role of the wilderness society?
To protect, preserve and restore wilderness areas
What were the perceptions of SWAC?
Cathedral, playground
What does cathedral mean?
Beauty
What does playground mean?
Recreation
What type of people made up SWAC?
bushwalkers, hikers, campers
What were the interactions of SWAC?
Bush waking, hiking, camping, flew in by plane to access area
What were the impacts of SWAC?
- Were minimal towards enviro.
- remote area
- wilderness (conserve)
When did perder become a national park?
1955
What were the perceptions of the government and the hydro electric commission towards pedder?
It was a resource to be used for financial gain
What were the interactions of the gov/hec at pedder?
- Construction of the dam
- supply electricity to the state
- people no longer to interact with pristine enviro. due to national park status being revoked
What were the impacts of the gov/hec at pedder?
- destruction of enviro. (Damning of the lake)
- clearing of land (roads)
What was a policy put in place by the liberal party and who put it in place?
National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975- Malcolm Fraser
What was a policy put in place by the labour party and who put it in place?
Australian Heritage Commission Act 1975- Gough Whitlam
What was the first national park under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act?
Uluru
What act was passed that stopped the damning of the franklin and who by?
World Heritage Properties Conservation Act 1983 to 1986- Bob Hawke
When was Bob Hawke voted in?
1983
