Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3/4 OED > 4.1.1/4.1.2/4.1.3 > Flashcards

4.1.1/4.1.2/4.1.3 Flashcards

-sustainable development and its critiques -characteristics of healthy enviros -SoE reports

1
Q

what has the term sustainable often associated with?

A
  • environmentally friendly
  • green
  • renewable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the challenge for society with sustainability?

A

that we must appropriately allocate resources for the survival of current and future generations of all species, while ensuring ongoing healthy enviros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happened after industrialisation in terms of sustainability?

A

race for economic growth has been highly resource dependent, resulting in continued devastation for the enviro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how has population increases affected the enviro?

A

the exponential growth of the world’s population has intensified dependence on resources and is a significant threat to health of our enviros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are examples of sustainable practices?

A
  • recycling bottles/paper/shopping bags/phones
  • using harvested timber, not old growth
  • solar panels
  • second hand clothing
  • use timber instead of plastic products
  • grow own veggies/fruit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are examples of non sustainable practices?

A
  • use of cars/plastic products/coal based electricity

- failure to recycle/capture water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is sustainable development defined as?

A

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their own needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the two key concepts of sustainable development?

A
  • overriding priority should be given to the essential needs of the poor
  • the idea of imposed limitations by the state of technology and social organisation on the enviros ability to meet present and future needs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is economic development?

A

the promotion of standards of living and market productivity of a country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a major focus for economic development for many countries?

A

resource extraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does social development refer to?

A

the social wellbeing of all people with ability to meet all basic needs for survival?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does SES stand for?

A

socio economic status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is happening to the gap between ses?

A

the gap between the rich and poor is increasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is technology helping with environmental protection?

A

allowing the monitoring of enviros health and our impacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an ecological footprint used for?

A

to understand humans impacts on earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does an ecological footprint help indicate?

A

how unsustainable our life choices are and identifies the need to make smarter choices in the way we use resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are some critiques of sustainable development?

A
  • vagueness of term
  • oxymoron
  • difficult to measure
  • disadvantages developing nations
  • cost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how is vagueness a critique of sustainable development?

A

it is able to be applied to a multitude of facets in society with little accountability or understanding and consequences for the earths resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is a critique of sustainable development that it is an oxymoron?

A

the terms ‘sustainable’ and ‘development’ are contradictory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is an oxymoron?

A

a figure of speech in which contradictory terms appear in conjunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how is measurement a critique of sustainable development?

A

there is no set criteria that exists. It is difficult to know how many resources future generations will require and if our current level of sustainability is sufficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is the disadvantages to developing nations a critique of sustainable development?

A

developing nations have higher emissions due to increased fossil fuel usage, therefore they also have increased environmental impacts (not by choice). It is difficult to expect a society who is unable to meet its own basic needs to decrease consumption and be mindful for future generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how is cost a critique of sustainable development?

A

many are initially expensive but are cost effective in the long run

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are three observable characteristics of healthy environments?

A
  • quality and adequacy of water, air and soil
  • amount of biodiversity
  • amount of pest and introduced species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the health of enviros linked to and influenced by?

A
  • land clearing
  • urbanisation
  • over grazing
  • pollution
  • pollution
  • chemicals
  • climate
  • invasion of weeds/pests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does a healthy environment provide us with?

A
  • clean water and air
  • food
  • place to recreate, inspire and connect to
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

when monitoring environment health what are the range of indicators used?

A
  • air, water, soil adequacy and quality
  • amount of pests and introduced species
  • amount of biodiversity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are characteristics that can be tested to determine the quality and adequacy of water?

A
  • taste, odour, appearance (turbidity)
  • temp
  • pH levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is an advantage of testing water quality and adequacy by taste, odour and appearance?

A

requires no additional equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are other effects of testing water adequacy and quality by taste, odour and appearance?

A
  • less light
  • warmer water
  • particles get into gills
  • habitat loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how does less light effect the taste, odour or appearance of water?

A

effects plant growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

how does the water warming effect the taste, odour or appearance of water?

A

due to more particles in water (increased turbidity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

how does particles getting into gills effect the animals?

A

gets into their gills and makes breathing harder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

how does water quality effect habitat loss?

A

holes and crevices are filled with silt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what does testing water temperature show?

A

how warm or cold the water is?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

does warm water have more or less oxygen?

A

less oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what are other effects on water temp?

A
  • removing trees
  • turbidity
  • runoff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

how does removing trees increase water temp?

A

more sunlight and less shade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how does turbidity increase water temp?

A

more particles absorb more heat increasing temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

how does runoff increase water temps?

A

more turbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what does extreme temp change result in?

A

deaths of most organisms

42
Q

what does testing the pH level of water indicate?

A

the acidity or alkalinity of the water

43
Q

what pH level is neutral?

A

7

44
Q

what pH level should pure water have?

A

7

45
Q

what can alter the pH levels in water?

A
  • soil and rock
  • chemicals released from industry
  • carbon dioxide dissolved
46
Q

roughly what percentage of elements make up air?

A

-78% nitrogen
-21% oxygen
and small amounts of hydrogen and carbon dioxide

47
Q

where do air pollutants mainly come from?

A

discharges of gases and particles, mostly from industry, motor vehicles and domestic wood burning

48
Q

what are some forms of air pollution on a global scale?

A
  • enhanced greenhouse effect

- ozone depletion

49
Q

what health problems does air pollution cause?

A

mainly respiratory problems such as asthma and bronchitis

50
Q

what is smog?

A

one of the most widespread forms of air pollution in built up areas

51
Q

what does soil enable?

A
  • plant growth
  • resist erosion
  • store water
  • retain nutrients
  • environmental buffer in the landscape
52
Q

what process produces soil?

A

primary succession- formed rock, broken down by ice, wind and water

53
Q

what characteristics of soil can be tested?

A

-colour
-moisture
-texture
-structure
organic content
-pH
-salinity
-temp

54
Q

what does the colour of soil indicate?

A

the moisture and organic contents

55
Q

what minerals can alter soil colour?

A

phosphorus, iron and aluminium

56
Q

what is humus?

A

dark, fertile soil

57
Q

what can increased salinity in soil result in?

A
  • decreased crop yield
  • decreased biodiversity
  • damaged infrastructure
58
Q

what does soil’s moisture help determine?

A

the type of plants that will survive in that area

59
Q

what can soil structure affect?

A

movement and availability of air, water and nutrients

60
Q

what does soil structure affect?

A
  • rainfall infiltration
  • retention
  • soil strength
61
Q

how does the soil’s organic contents influence?

A

number of plants, animals and micro-organisms in soil

62
Q

what does the temp of the soil affect?

A
  • climate
  • plant growth
  • germination
  • life cycle of small creatures
  • available nutrients
  • decomposition rate
63
Q

what does pH levels of soil affect?

A

what nutrients are available to aquatic life

64
Q

what are the different levels of biodiversity?

A
  • genetic diversity
  • species diversity
  • ecosystem diversity
65
Q

what is genetic diversity?

A

the genetic information in the genes of all species eg.colouring

66
Q

what is species diversity?

A

the variety of species

67
Q

what is ecosystem diversity?

A

the variety of habitats, natural communities and ecological processes in the biosphere eg.alpine, marine etc.

68
Q

is aus considered too have high or low levels of biodiversity?

A

high levels, with about 450,000 species representing 10% of estimated inhabitants of earth

69
Q

what are the reasons for loss of biodiversity?

A
  • habitat destruction
  • introduced species
  • water, air and soil pollution
  • climate change
70
Q

what is a pest?

A

an animal or plant that interferes with human land use

71
Q

why were most of the pests introduced to aus?

A

for food or hunting purposes

72
Q

what has happened to native species as a result of pest introduction?

A

been forced to compete or adapt.. many species have become extinct as they were unable to adapt and survive

73
Q

what are examples of introduced species and their effects?

A
  • rabbits= widespread erosion

- hard hoofed animals=compacting fragile soil, degrading the enviro

74
Q

what are weeds defined as?

A

a plant that grows where it is not wanted

75
Q

how are weeds spread?

A
  • hooves of farm animals
  • wind
  • waterways
  • soil on camping equip
  • soil on walking boots
  • tyres or mud on work vehicles
76
Q

what does an enviro overrun with pests or introduced species indicate?

A

less healthy

77
Q

what does SoE stand for?

A

State of Environment

78
Q

what do SoE reports include?

A
  • value and current condition
  • pressures affecting
  • drivers of pressures
  • effectiveness of management
  • outlook for the enviro for the future
79
Q

what is the purpose of the SoE reports for australians?

A
  • provides data on the state of specific enviros

- provide analysis of how the aus enviro is being managed (for improvements) and what key national issues are

80
Q

who releases SoE reports?

A

federal government

81
Q

how often is a SoE report released?

A

every 5 years

82
Q

what info does soE reports contain?

A
  • current conditions
  • pressures on enviro
  • management strategies and initiatives
83
Q

what are the state and trends of SoE reports?

A
  • atmosphere
  • built enviro
  • heritage
  • biodiversity
  • land
  • inland water
  • coasts
  • Antartic enviro
  • marine enviro
84
Q

what is a major focus of sustainability?

A

social equalisation, where all humans have access to basic needs (clean water and food), education and higher qualities of life

85
Q

what does turbidity affect?

A
  • temp

- appearance

86
Q

what is a state and trend strength of biodiversity?

A

-improved technical advances are more available for biodiversity assessment, monitoring and management, including for organisms which previously were difficult to identify and monitor

87
Q

what is a state and trend weakness of biodiversity?

A

Australia’s biodiversity continues to decline

88
Q

what is a weakness since 2011 of biodiversity?

A
  • list of nationally threatened species and ecological enviros has increased
  • land clearing rates are increasing in states such as QLD
89
Q

how effective are the management strategies for biodiversity?

A
  • Aus Gov supports efforts to conserve native plants and animals and ecosystems through programs such as National Landcare
  • the threatened species strategy has listed 20 mammal and bird species for priority
90
Q

what are the three focus SoEs?

A
  • biodiversity
  • built enviros
  • atmosphere
91
Q

what is a state and trend strength of atmosphere?

A

air quality in urban areas is generally good

92
Q

what is a strength since 2011 of the atmosphere?

A

Aus’s greenhouse gas emissions per person has decreased from 24.1 tonnes in 2011 to 22.2 tonnes in 2015

93
Q

what is a state and trend weakness of atmosphere?

A

Aus average temperature has increased 1 degree since 1910

94
Q

what is a weakness since 2011 of the atmosphere?

A

adverse human health impacts to occur at lower concentrations of air pollution than previously thought
-increased respiratory problems such as asthma

95
Q

how effective are the management strategies for the atmosphere?

A

Aus signed the Paris Agreement in dec 2016 aiming to hold the increase in global average temperature

96
Q

what is a state and trend strength of built enviros?

A

Aus urban amenities is generally good. Our urban populations continue to consume significant resources but are using energy more efficiently than in 2011

97
Q

what is a strength since 2011 of the built enviros?

A

demand for electricity and household electricity consumption have fallen because of improved energy efficiency of appliances and machinery

98
Q

how effective are the management strategies for the built enviros?

A

smart cities plan-vision for the future- aims to contain development within existing urban areas

99
Q

what is a state and trend weakness of built enviros?

A

population growth in our major cities, along with aus’s reliance on private cars leading to greater traffic volumes and increased congestion

100
Q

what is a weakness since 2011 of the built enviros?

A

with water restrictions easing across many regions since 2011 Aus households have been increasing their water consumption

3/4 OED (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions