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3/4 OED > 4.1.4/5- importance of healthy outdoor enviros > Flashcards

4.1.4/5- importance of healthy outdoor enviros Flashcards

1
Q

what are important factors for individuals of healthy outdoor enviros?

A
  • inspiration
  • recreation and adventure
  • education
  • intrinsic values
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2
Q

what is the importance of healthy enviros for an individual?

A

allows participation in pursuits that contribute to their mental health, general and social wellbeing

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3
Q

what is the aesthetic value of inspiration and creativity of healthy enviros?

A
  • aesthetic value is a judgment of value of the appearance of an object and the emotional responses it causes
  • artists, musicians and writers have all interacted and . used for inspiration
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4
Q

what are examples of musicians, artists or writers whop . have used the outdoor enviro for inspiration?

A
  • fredrick mcCubbin
  • tom roberts
  • midnight oil
  • banjo patterson
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5
Q

what does recreation and adventure from outdoor enviros provide?

A
  • undertake challenges and achieve goals through positive risk taking
  • escape everyday pressures
  • social activities such ad camping, bush walking and skiing contribute to individual development
  • flow on effect is creation of employment
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6
Q

what are 4 major reasons to maintain biodiversity and healthy enviros?

A
  • all species have right to exist
  • species reduction reduces richness of human experience
  • species in future may have new properties in terms of food, medicine and renewable/biological resources
  • other species provide life support system
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7
Q

how is do other species provide life support systems essential for maintaining biodiversity in healthy enviros (ecological value)?

A
  • maintain atmosphere
  • influence climate
  • generate and recycle essential nutrients from top soil
  • disposes of waste
  • control pests/ diseases
  • pollinate crops
  • provide genetic store from which we may benefit in future
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8
Q

how do we tend to view intrinsically?

A

view enviro by what it has to offer in terms of resources

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9
Q

how can education help healthy enviros?

A

can occur directly through school or group trips that may have a specific study goal or through personal development that occurs from undertaking recreational activities

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10
Q

what was a school specific program undertaken on surf camp?

A

Desalination Plant at Wonthaggi

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11
Q

what is economic value integral to?

A

the strength of the Aus economy

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12
Q

what resources help to contribute to the strength of the economy?

A

-minerals
-timber
-tourism
-electricity
these create thousands of jobs and generate billions of dollars

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13
Q

how much did the timber industry make in 2012?

A

$22 billion

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14
Q

how much did the tourism industry make in 2012?

A

$80 billion

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15
Q

how much did the fishing industry make in 2012?

A

$2.2 billion

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16
Q

how much did mining make in 2012?

A

$100 billion

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17
Q

how much did the agricultural production make in 2012?

A

$50 billion

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18
Q

what is estimated to happen to our demand for food over next 30 years?

A

increase by 70% due to population increases

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19
Q

how much of products produced by farmers is exported?

A

60%

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20
Q

what proportion of medicines used for fighting cancer come from rainforest plants?

A

2/3

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21
Q

where do majority of medicines in contemporary science come from?

A

natural environments

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22
Q

what properties does tea tree oil have?

A

naturally occurring:

  • antiseptic
  • antibacterial
  • germicide
  • antifungicide
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23
Q

what is the importance of maintaining healthy enviros for society?

A

relies on resources. food, clothing and shelter are all essentials to life and earth is facing pressures to meet these needs due to population increases

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24
Q

how has population growth effected the health of enviros?

A
  • clearing of land for food production
  • reclaiming wetlands for residential and industrial development
  • logging
  • mining
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25
Q

what are the main factors that are important for individuals?

A
  • resources
  • intrinsic values
  • biodiversity
  • scientific research
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26
Q

what are important to society as resources?

A
  • clean water
  • clean foods (free from pollution and salinity)
  • minerals (economy)
  • tourism
  • electricity
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27
Q

what are the four main impacts of environmental threats?

A
  • land degradation
  • introduced species
  • climate change
  • urbanisation
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28
Q

what does land degradation refer to?

A

detrimental changes to land condition due to human interactions

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29
Q

what are examples of actions that would result in land degradation?

A
  • older farming practices
  • industrial pollution
  • urbanisation
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30
Q

what does land degradation result in?

A

loss of biodiversity

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31
Q

what is increased salinity caused by?

A

land clearing, cropping and irrigation practices cause water table to rise bringing salt with it

32
Q

how can salinity problems be controlled?

A

improvements in land management (such as planting on edge of crops and spray irrigation) are helping to control

33
Q

how much does the National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality cost the commonwealth gov?

A

1.4 billion

34
Q

what causes soil contamination?

A

over fertilising, continuous cropping and wetland drainage

35
Q

what do soil contaminating practices result in?

A

alter the acidity of soil

36
Q

what can help farmers achieve sustainable land use and avoid soil contamination?

A

rotation of cropping, regular soil testing and moderating application of fertilisers.

37
Q

how can damages of soil contamination be fixed?

A

costly application of lime, regular testing and moderation of fertilisers

38
Q

what is soil erosion caused by?

A

is a natural process, however land clearing, over grazing and introduced pest species contribute.

39
Q

how can erosion be repaired?

A
  • revegetation
  • rotation of grazing
  • introduction of native animals
  • decrease in no.of cows/sheep
40
Q

how many species have been introduced to aus since 1770?

A

-2800 weeds
-100-400marine
-34 fish
-25 mammal
-26 bird
-1 amphibian
and an unknown no.of invertebrate species

41
Q

how many species of weeds have been introduced since 1770?

A

2800

42
Q

how many species of marine animals have been introduced since 1770?

A

between 100-400

43
Q

how many species of fish have been introduced since 1770?

A

34

44
Q

how many species of mammals have been introduced since 1770?

A

25

45
Q

how many species of birds have been introduced since 1770?

A

26

46
Q

how many species of reptiles have been introduced since 1770?

A

6

47
Q

how many species of amphibans have been introduced since 1770?

A

1

48
Q

what are examples of introduced species?

A
  • rabbits
  • foxes
  • wasps
  • blackberries
  • japanese kelp
49
Q

what native animals are often seen by aus farmers as pests?

A

cockatoos and kangaroos have had their habitats reduced or modified by human land practices

50
Q

what is climate change?

A

the significant and lasting changes in weather patterns over an extended period of time

51
Q

why has climate change increased significantly since the industrial revolution?

A

due to population and energy demand increasing

52
Q

what do scientists believe has been the biggest contributor to climate change in the last 50 yrs?

A

increased greenhouse gas

53
Q

what are the major threats of urbanisation?

A
  • land degradation
  • emissions
  • extinction of species
  • habitat loss
  • increased population
54
Q

how much vegetation does vic lose each year?

A

around 2500 hectares

55
Q

why is clear felling a damaging practice?

A

it wipes out trees of all ages, slowing regeneration of smaller plants as they struggle to grow without shelter from older trees

56
Q

how can habitat modification occur?

A

-introduction of species
-removal/ alteration of a feature
removing one feature will affect the entire ecosystem

57
Q

how has habitat modification affected plant and animal species?

A

accounts for over 310 native animals and 1180 plant species being at risk of extinction

58
Q

what is the total cost of pest species in Victoria each year?

A

$900 million

59
Q

how much of native bushland in Melb is affected by weeds?

A

at least 90%

60
Q

in reference to climate change how much has the global average sea level risen since 1961?

A

10cm, williamstown has registered 18cm sea level rise over last 100yrs

61
Q

how many of our mammal species are either extinct or endangered?

A

almost half

62
Q

what are programs that have been initiated to combat vegetation loss?

A
  • land care

- national reserve system (national parks)

63
Q

what are the impacts of land degradation on the enviro?

A

soil erosion impacts dunes and their vegetation. once dunes are damaged sand is blown or wash away. Effects beach and primary dune system and coastal flora

64
Q

what are examples of coastal flora species impacted by land degradation?

A

karkalla, austral salt grass and hairy spinifex

65
Q

what are the impacts of land degradation on society?

A
  • loss of coastal waterfronts, properties disappearing. land value decreases
  • decrease in soil quality, reduces agricultural profit and decreasing economy/amount of resources eg. bimbadeen farm
66
Q

what are the impacts on the enviro caused by black berries?

A

reduce native wildlife/habitats, limit access to water sources, displaces native plants and provides food for introduced species

67
Q

what are the impacts on the enviro caused by rabbits?

A

contributes to soil erosion by burrowing, removing and destroying vegetation. Increases grazing pressure for native species

68
Q

what are the impacts on society caused by black berries?

A

decreased available grazing land and productivity due to competition for soil nutrients/moisture. Decreases aesthetic and conservational value

69
Q

what are the impacts on the enviro caused by rabbits?

A

costs approx $600mill a year. Overall loss to agricultural and horticultural was about $206mill due to reduced productive land space

70
Q

what are the impacts of climate change on the enviro?

A
  • increased bushfire risk
  • increased intensity of droughts and floods in some areas
  • species with decreased adaptability face extinction
71
Q

what are the impacts of climate change on society?

A
  • rising sea levels cause flooding, effecting infrastructure such as houses, buildings and roads
  • increase in extreme heat days therefore more heat related deaths and health problems costing gov/taxpayers millions
72
Q

what are the impacts of urbanisation on the enviro?

A
  • loss of vegetation, habitat and biodiversity
  • increased air, water and soil pollution due to increased developed areas
  • increased waste disposal requires more land
73
Q

what are the impacts of climate change on society?

A
  • increased impacts on our atmosphere leading to health conditions
  • cost of living increases (water/electricity)
  • strain on human services (healthcare/education)
74
Q

what is an example of recreation and adventure?

A
  • surfing @smiths beach

- rafting @warrandyte

75
Q

what are examples of education?

A

little penguins @Phillip Island

76
Q

what is an example of economic value?

A

bimbadeen farm @phillip island

77
Q

what is the importance of healthy enviros for society?

A
  • education
  • scientific research and medicinal
  • economic value
  • resource

3/4 OED (8 decks)

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