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3/4 OED > political policies on social debates > Flashcards

political policies on social debates Flashcards

1
Q

what is risk?

A

the potential to lose something of value vs the possibility of gaining

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2
Q

what is absolute risk?

A

the uppermost level of risk

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3
Q

what is real risk?

A

the amount that actually exists

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4
Q

what is perceived risk?

A

individuals subjective assessment of the real risk present

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5
Q

is media response to risks usually positive or negative?

A

negative

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6
Q

what are changes that may be implemented as a result of the media influence on risk?

A
  • industry self regulation

- gov. legislation

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7
Q

what decisions may be made by decision makers as a result of influence of media on risk for public?

A
  • regulations/ improvements
  • restricted access
  • infrastructure
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8
Q

how does an industry self regulate?

A

changes to:

  • industry standards
  • ratios
  • certification
  • safety standards
  • documentation
  • evaluation
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9
Q

why are changes made to gov. legislations?

A

to prevent incidents from occurring again

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10
Q

what are regulations usually issued by the gov. as a response to a tragedy?

A
  • training and registration requirements

- first aid and risk management plans

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11
Q

what is an example of a safety regulation implementation?

A

helmets

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12
Q

how can infrastructure be used to improve safety?

A

shelters, signs, fences and barriers can improve safety and can even make people feel over confident

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13
Q

what is the flow on affect of media coverage of an incident?

A
  • public response
  • investigation inquest
  • legal proceedings
  • regulation, laws, legislation
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14
Q

what are the two debates for and against climate change?

A
  • climate change is caused by human activity

- it is a naturally occurring

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15
Q

what is the perception of people who believe climate change is caused by human activity?

A

-enviro isn’t limitless and must be looked after/ preserved

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16
Q

what are the interactions of people who believe climate change is caused by human activity?

A
  • reduce fossil fuel usage
  • increase renewables
  • improve building techniques
  • protect forests
  • carbon offset by replanting
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17
Q

what is the impacts of people who believe climate change is caused by human activity?

A
  • increased biodiversity and habitats

- decrease in carbon dioxide due to alternatives and reduction in demand

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18
Q

what is the position of people who believe climate change is influenced by humans?

A

carbon dioxide released by humans causes increased temps

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19
Q

what is the position of people who believe climate change is a natural occurrance?

A

human activities are not responsible, carbon dioxide levels fluctuations are natural, science is flawed

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20
Q

what is the perception of people who believe climate change is caused naturally?

A
  • enviro is a resource

- human needs come first

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21
Q

what is the interactions of people who believe climate change is caused naturally?

A

continued fossil fuel usage

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22
Q

what is the impacts of people who believe climate change is caused naturally?

A
  • biodiversity loss
  • increased sea levels
  • severe weather
  • loss of glaciers
  • no job loss and economic instability in the short term
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23
Q

what does the climate change act 2017 establish?

A

a long-term emissions target of net zero by 2050

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24
Q

according to the climate change act 2017 how often must the gov. develop strategies?

A

every 5 years

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25
Q

what does VEAC stand for?

A

victorian environment assessment council

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26
Q

doe VEAC make decisions?

A

no, they make recommendations

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27
Q

how many people make up VEAC?

A

5 people including chairman

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28
Q

when was VEAC formed?

A

2001

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29
Q

what is the role of VEAC?

A

conduct investigations requested by vic gov relating to the protection and ecologically sustainable management of enviro and natural resources of public land

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30
Q

what do members of VEAC require?

A

range of experience, skills and knowledge in relation to management of public land and natural resources

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31
Q

what are the objectives of VEAC?

A

provide independent and strategic advice to the gov. in relation to public land

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32
Q

what is a current VEAC investigation?

A

in sep 2016, minister for energy, enviro and climate change requested assessment of the conservational values of state forests in central highlands, north east and east gippsland

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33
Q

what is the purpose of VEAC conducting investigation into state forests?

A
  • identify biodiversity and ecological value
  • identify current and future threats
  • report on public land use and management
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34
Q

how would the labour party respond to logging?

A
  • policies towards biodiversity are focused on needs of both economy and enviro
  • may support continued logging but with significant restrictions
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35
Q

how would the liberal party respond to logging?

A
  • prioritise a ‘strong economy’ inclined to continue logging
  • value biodiversity long term
  • likely to adopt position of harm minimisation through replanting and relocating
36
Q

in 2016 how much of vic’s electricity came from renewables?

A

16%

37
Q

where does majority of Victoria’s energy come from?

A

fossil fuels

38
Q

what are fossil fuels?

A

decomposed organic matter that is mined then burnt to release heat energy-oil, gas, coal

39
Q

what is renewable energy?

A

is produced from sources that can be replaced or replenished eg. solar, wind

40
Q

what is one of the cheapest forms of renewable energy?

A

wind

41
Q

where are some wind farms found?

A
  • toora
  • gisborne
  • glenthompson
42
Q

where is hydro electricity common?

A

tas

43
Q

what are some positives about the renewable targets?

A
  • 50% by 2030
  • some say it will result in job loss some say it will gain
  • transitional opportunity for investment, which would lower power costs, create new jobs, and lower pollution
44
Q

what are some negatives about the renewable targets?

A
  • visual impacts may affect tourism
  • bird collisions (wind)
  • noise pollution from low frequency turbines
  • still need coal when shortage of sun/wind
  • high initial costs
  • storage of energy
45
Q

what are the perceptions of people who are for wind energy?

A
  • enviro is not limitless and must be protected
  • climate needs protection
  • running out of fossil fuels
46
Q

what are the interactions of people who are for wind energy?

A
  • construction of wind farms
  • reduction in coal mining
  • decreases in fossil fuel burning
47
Q

what are the impacts of people who are for wind energy?

A
  • reduction in carbon emissions
  • reduced impacts of climate change
  • potential decrease in tourism and land value
  • noise pollution
48
Q

what are the perceptions of people who are against wind energy?

A
  • enviro is a resource for human use
  • visual beauty needs to be protected
  • biodiversity shouldn’t be threatened
49
Q

what are the interactions of people who are against wind energy?

A

continued use of current practices, no wind farm construction

50
Q

what are the impacts of people who are against wind energy?

A
  • no change to enviro
  • climate change impacts continue
  • more sites created for energy production
51
Q

what are the major political parties?

A
  • liberal national party
  • australian labour party
  • australian greens
52
Q

what is the emissions reduction policy for labour?

A

45% by 2030

53
Q

what is the emissions policy for liberal?

A

26-28% by 2030

54
Q

what is the emissions policy for the greens?

A

63-82% by 2030, on trajectory to get emissions to zero by 2040

55
Q

what is the the renewable energy policy for liberal?

A
  • 23.5% use by 2020

- no post 2020 plan

56
Q

what is the the renewable energy policy for labour?

A

-50% use by 2030

57
Q

what is the the renewable energy policy for the greensl?

A

-100% use by 2030

58
Q

what is the policy for coal use for liberal?

A
  • no plans to phase out

- proposed $1billion subsidy for Adani

59
Q

what is the policy for coal use for labour?

A
  • recognise coal plants will close but no lans to phase out coal use
  • no plans to review federal approvals for adani mine
60
Q

what is the policy for coal use for the greens?

A

phase out coal by setting yearly goals to limit coal exports by 2020, reducing each year till full phase out in 2030

  • each tonne of coal will require a permit
  • don’t support adani mine
61
Q

what is the policy for gas use for liberal?

A

no plan to phase gas out

62
Q

what is the policy for gas use for labour?

A
  • considered transitional so no plans to phase out

- pledged $1.5billion to unlock gas supply in NT and QLD

63
Q

what is the policy for gas use for the greens?

A
  • all gone by 2030

- $50mil education campaign for households

64
Q

around what % are dams currently at?

A

50%

65
Q

around what % were dams in 2009?

A

27%

66
Q

what was the policy of DEPI (now DELWP)?

A

developed a ‘victorian water management strategy’ which aimed to improve condition and function of vic waterways

67
Q

what was the vic gov. longterm plan and policy during water shortage?

A

‘our water, our future’ which outlined water saving techniques such as: capturing, recycling and saving

68
Q

what are techniques for managing water?

A
  • capturing
  • recycling
  • saving
69
Q

what are capturing techniques?

A
  • water tanks (rebates)
  • construction of desal plant
  • the north south pipeline where water is pumped from northern vic
70
Q

what % of vic’s water needs was the desal plant designed to provide?

A

30%

71
Q

what are recycling techniques for water management?

A
  • grey water reuse
  • car wash using recycled water
  • drains to capture run off
  • treatment of waste water
72
Q

what are water saving techniques?

A
  • rebates for water saving devices eg. tanks
  • water efficient appliances eg. dual flush toilets
  • 3 min showers
  • follow water restrictions
73
Q

what is desalination?

A

the removal of salt from water

74
Q

why desal?

A
  • doesn’t rely on rainfall
  • dams were at 25%
  • could produce 150billion litres per year
75
Q

what opinion did ‘your water, your say’ (later watershed vic) have on the desal plant?

A
  • it would contribute to climate change, due to it being energy intensive and could possibly further drought
  • could impact local enviros, marine ecosystems and coastal areas
76
Q

who were against the construction of the desal plant?

A
  • the country greens (branch of the greens party)

- friends of the earth (FOE)

77
Q

why were the country greens against the desal plant?

A

estimations suggest it will cost $2mill per day despite whether it is on or off

78
Q

why are FOE against the desal plant?

A

they believe it is high emission and high impact

79
Q

what are the political groups and policies for the construction of the desal plant?

A
  • vic gov
  • ‘our water, our future’
  • water conservation initiatives
  • desal plant
80
Q

what are the social groups and policies against the desal plant?

A
  • YWYS/ watershed
  • water saving techniques should be sufficient
  • recycling and conservation are key
  • alternatives such as desal are unnecessary and damaging
81
Q

what are the perceptions of political groups and policies in support of the desal plant?

A

enviro is a resource that provides water for:

  • residential/ industrial use
  • mainly in densely populated areas such as Melbs
82
Q

what are the interactions of political groups and policies in support of the desal plant?

A

watersaving initiatives such as:

  • water efficient appliances
  • promotion of water saving behaviours
  • water capture (tanks)
  • water recycle (grey water)
  • construction/ operation of desal plant
83
Q

what are the impacts of political groups and policies in support of the desal plant?

A
  • improve water storage levels
  • increased energy use and carbon dioxide emissions
  • unknown effects of altered salt concentrations on marine/ coastal enviros
  • pollution
84
Q

what are the perceptions of social groups and policies against the desal plant?

A
  • enviro is not a limitless resource

- should be protected

85
Q

what are the interactions of social groups and policies against the desal plant?

A
  • campaign against desal
  • lobby for gov subsidies for water conservation (tank rebates)
  • divert flood water to catchments
  • capture, recycle and save water wherever possible
86
Q

what are the impacts of social groups and policies against the desal plant?

A
  • improve water storage levels
  • maintain biodiversity of marine/ coastal enviros
  • reduce carbon dioxide emissions through no desal

3/4 OED (8 decks)

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