political policies on social debates Flashcards
1
Q
what is risk?
A
the potential to lose something of value vs the possibility of gaining
2
Q
what is absolute risk?
A
the uppermost level of risk
3
Q
what is real risk?
A
the amount that actually exists
4
Q
what is perceived risk?
A
individuals subjective assessment of the real risk present
5
Q
is media response to risks usually positive or negative?
A
negative
6
Q
what are changes that may be implemented as a result of the media influence on risk?
A
- industry self regulation
- gov. legislation
7
Q
what decisions may be made by decision makers as a result of influence of media on risk for public?
A
- regulations/ improvements
- restricted access
- infrastructure
8
Q
how does an industry self regulate?
A
changes to:
- industry standards
- ratios
- certification
- safety standards
- documentation
- evaluation
9
Q
why are changes made to gov. legislations?
A
to prevent incidents from occurring again
10
Q
what are regulations usually issued by the gov. as a response to a tragedy?
A
- training and registration requirements
- first aid and risk management plans
11
Q
what is an example of a safety regulation implementation?
A
helmets
12
Q
how can infrastructure be used to improve safety?
A
shelters, signs, fences and barriers can improve safety and can even make people feel over confident
13
Q
what is the flow on affect of media coverage of an incident?
A
- public response
- investigation inquest
- legal proceedings
- regulation, laws, legislation
14
Q
what are the two debates for and against climate change?
A
- climate change is caused by human activity
- it is a naturally occurring
15
Q
what is the perception of people who believe climate change is caused by human activity?
A
-enviro isn’t limitless and must be looked after/ preserved
16
Q
what are the interactions of people who believe climate change is caused by human activity?
A
- reduce fossil fuel usage
- increase renewables
- improve building techniques
- protect forests
- carbon offset by replanting
17
Q
what is the impacts of people who believe climate change is caused by human activity?
A
- increased biodiversity and habitats
- decrease in carbon dioxide due to alternatives and reduction in demand
18
Q
what is the position of people who believe climate change is influenced by humans?
A
carbon dioxide released by humans causes increased temps
19
Q
what is the position of people who believe climate change is a natural occurrance?
A
human activities are not responsible, carbon dioxide levels fluctuations are natural, science is flawed
20
Q
what is the perception of people who believe climate change is caused naturally?
A
- enviro is a resource
- human needs come first
21
Q
what is the interactions of people who believe climate change is caused naturally?
A
continued fossil fuel usage
22
Q
what is the impacts of people who believe climate change is caused naturally?
A
- biodiversity loss
- increased sea levels
- severe weather
- loss of glaciers
- no job loss and economic instability in the short term
23
Q
what does the climate change act 2017 establish?
A
a long-term emissions target of net zero by 2050
24
Q
according to the climate change act 2017 how often must the gov. develop strategies?
A
every 5 years
25
what does VEAC stand for?
victorian environment assessment council
26
doe VEAC make decisions?
no, they make recommendations
27
how many people make up VEAC?
5 people including chairman
28
when was VEAC formed?
2001
29
what is the role of VEAC?
conduct investigations requested by vic gov relating to the protection and ecologically sustainable management of enviro and natural resources of public land
30
what do members of VEAC require?
range of experience, skills and knowledge in relation to management of public land and natural resources
31
what are the objectives of VEAC?
provide independent and strategic advice to the gov. in relation to public land
32
what is a current VEAC investigation?
in sep 2016, minister for energy, enviro and climate change requested assessment of the conservational values of state forests in central highlands, north east and east gippsland
33
what is the purpose of VEAC conducting investigation into state forests?
- identify biodiversity and ecological value
- identify current and future threats
- report on public land use and management
34
how would the labour party respond to logging?
- policies towards biodiversity are focused on needs of both economy and enviro
- may support continued logging but with significant restrictions
35
how would the liberal party respond to logging?
- prioritise a 'strong economy' inclined to continue logging
- value biodiversity long term
- likely to adopt position of harm minimisation through replanting and relocating
36
in 2016 how much of vic's electricity came from renewables?
16%
37
where does majority of Victoria's energy come from?
fossil fuels
38
what are fossil fuels?
decomposed organic matter that is mined then burnt to release heat energy-oil, gas, coal
39
what is renewable energy?
is produced from sources that can be replaced or replenished eg. solar, wind
40
what is one of the cheapest forms of renewable energy?
wind
41
where are some wind farms found?
- toora
- gisborne
- glenthompson
42
where is hydro electricity common?
tas
43
what are some positives about the renewable targets?
- 50% by 2030
- some say it will result in job loss some say it will gain
- transitional opportunity for investment, which would lower power costs, create new jobs, and lower pollution
44
what are some negatives about the renewable targets?
- visual impacts may affect tourism
- bird collisions (wind)
- noise pollution from low frequency turbines
- still need coal when shortage of sun/wind
- high initial costs
- storage of energy
45
what are the perceptions of people who are for wind energy?
- enviro is not limitless and must be protected
- climate needs protection
- running out of fossil fuels
46
what are the interactions of people who are for wind energy?
- construction of wind farms
- reduction in coal mining
- decreases in fossil fuel burning
47
what are the impacts of people who are for wind energy?
- reduction in carbon emissions
- reduced impacts of climate change
- potential decrease in tourism and land value
- noise pollution
48
what are the perceptions of people who are against wind energy?
- enviro is a resource for human use
- visual beauty needs to be protected
- biodiversity shouldn't be threatened
49
what are the interactions of people who are against wind energy?
continued use of current practices, no wind farm construction
50
what are the impacts of people who are against wind energy?
- no change to enviro
- climate change impacts continue
- more sites created for energy production
51
what are the major political parties?
- liberal national party
- australian labour party
- australian greens
52
what is the emissions reduction policy for labour?
45% by 2030
53
what is the emissions policy for liberal?
26-28% by 2030
54
what is the emissions policy for the greens?
63-82% by 2030, on trajectory to get emissions to zero by 2040
55
what is the the renewable energy policy for liberal?
- 23.5% use by 2020
| - no post 2020 plan
56
what is the the renewable energy policy for labour?
-50% use by 2030
57
what is the the renewable energy policy for the greensl?
-100% use by 2030
58
what is the policy for coal use for liberal?
- no plans to phase out
| - proposed $1billion subsidy for Adani
59
what is the policy for coal use for labour?
- recognise coal plants will close but no lans to phase out coal use
- no plans to review federal approvals for adani mine
60
what is the policy for coal use for the greens?
phase out coal by setting yearly goals to limit coal exports by 2020, reducing each year till full phase out in 2030
- each tonne of coal will require a permit
- don't support adani mine
61
what is the policy for gas use for liberal?
no plan to phase gas out
62
what is the policy for gas use for labour?
- considered transitional so no plans to phase out
| - pledged $1.5billion to unlock gas supply in NT and QLD
63
what is the policy for gas use for the greens?
- all gone by 2030
| - $50mil education campaign for households
64
around what % are dams currently at?
50%
65
around what % were dams in 2009?
27%
66
what was the policy of DEPI (now DELWP)?
developed a 'victorian water management strategy' which aimed to improve condition and function of vic waterways
67
what was the vic gov. longterm plan and policy during water shortage?
'our water, our future' which outlined water saving techniques such as: capturing, recycling and saving
68
what are techniques for managing water?
- capturing
- recycling
- saving
69
what are capturing techniques?
- water tanks (rebates)
- construction of desal plant
- the north south pipeline where water is pumped from northern vic
70
what % of vic's water needs was the desal plant designed to provide?
30%
71
what are recycling techniques for water management?
- grey water reuse
- car wash using recycled water
- drains to capture run off
- treatment of waste water
72
what are water saving techniques?
- rebates for water saving devices eg. tanks
- water efficient appliances eg. dual flush toilets
- 3 min showers
- follow water restrictions
73
what is desalination?
the removal of salt from water
74
why desal?
- doesn't rely on rainfall
- dams were at 25%
- could produce 150billion litres per year
75
what opinion did 'your water, your say' (later watershed vic) have on the desal plant?
- it would contribute to climate change, due to it being energy intensive and could possibly further drought
- could impact local enviros, marine ecosystems and coastal areas
76
who were against the construction of the desal plant?
- the country greens (branch of the greens party)
| - friends of the earth (FOE)
77
why were the country greens against the desal plant?
estimations suggest it will cost $2mill per day despite whether it is on or off
78
why are FOE against the desal plant?
they believe it is high emission and high impact
79
what are the political groups and policies for the construction of the desal plant?
- vic gov
- 'our water, our future'
- water conservation initiatives
- desal plant
80
what are the social groups and policies against the desal plant?
- YWYS/ watershed
- water saving techniques should be sufficient
- recycling and conservation are key
- alternatives such as desal are unnecessary and damaging
81
what are the perceptions of political groups and policies in support of the desal plant?
enviro is a resource that provides water for:
- residential/ industrial use
- mainly in densely populated areas such as Melbs
82
what are the interactions of political groups and policies in support of the desal plant?
watersaving initiatives such as:
- water efficient appliances
- promotion of water saving behaviours
- water capture (tanks)
- water recycle (grey water)
- construction/ operation of desal plant
83
what are the impacts of political groups and policies in support of the desal plant?
- improve water storage levels
- increased energy use and carbon dioxide emissions
- unknown effects of altered salt concentrations on marine/ coastal enviros
- pollution
84
what are the perceptions of social groups and policies against the desal plant?
- enviro is not a limitless resource
| - should be protected
85
what are the interactions of social groups and policies against the desal plant?
- campaign against desal
- lobby for gov subsidies for water conservation (tank rebates)
- divert flood water to catchments
- capture, recycle and save water wherever possible
86
what are the impacts of social groups and policies against the desal plant?
- improve water storage levels
- maintain biodiversity of marine/ coastal enviros
- reduce carbon dioxide emissions through no desal
