Relationships between England and Wales Flashcards
How did Henry VII use Welshness?
Quarter Welsh - used his Welsh heritage to gain more support
Did Henry VII consider himself Welsh?
No clear cut Welsh policy
Appointed Jasper Tudor royal authority in Wales
Rewarded Rhys Ap Thomas with SW Wales
Concentrated on reconditioning government
How was Wales separated?
No geographical expression pre 1485
Distributed admin by Stewarts - law was wild and unruly
What did Henry VII administer to Wales?
Landowing magnates
Gentry
The Marches backstory
semi independent lordships resulted from conquest era
1485 - only half dozen lordships remained in private hands
Henry governed over more than any other king before had done
What and why did Henry VII revive?
Council of the Marches to control unconventional and unruly area
Henry VIII relationship with Wales
Thomas Cromwell played an important part
Powel claimed Henry had inherited Wales from his mother - heiress to the Mortimers
Cromwell and Wales
Obsessed with increasing strength of government
Wanted uniformity of language, admin and religion in Wales
1536 Act of Union extended legal/administrative system of England into Wales
Change in language during Henry VIII’s time
English made official language - had to speak English to hold office
Second Act of Union - Henry VIII
Act of Union 1543 - Wales had higher courts distinct from England, continued council of Marches, applied all changes of 1536 act
Consequences of Acts of Unions
Stability to the country
Established territorial boundaries of Wales
Introduced coherent, uniform law and justice
What were the Welsh people given under Acts of Unions - Henry VIII?
Equality under the law with English subjects
What did reducing power of Marcher Lords do?
Reduced lawlessness
Changes made by union changes
United Wales formed
Wales divided into shires
27 Wales representatives elected to parliament
Wales became integral part of England
Edward VI
Book of Common Prayer introudced
Created difficulty - most didn’t understand English
Mostly religious changes
Why was there no religious rebellion under Edward VI from Wales?
Welsh tended to be badly constructed, superficial in their religious belief
Gentry encouraged to follow monarch
Crown could offer economic advancements and help
Mary and Wales
Return to Catholicism welcomed
Recognised as legitimate heir
Married Welsh clerics ejected
Elizabethan Wales - Rise of gentry
Gentry became powerful in Wales
Dominated social life - building fortune and influence
Prominent positions in government
Elizabethan Wales - Religious
Catholic Plots, Puritans in Wrexham, most accepted the Oath of Supremacy
Translation of Bible into Welsh - helped the language to survive
