Henry V11 - Social/Economic Flashcards
How many attainders passed by Henry VII?
138
How much money did Henry ask from landowning subjects and why did he have to repay them?
10,000 pounds - fear of them supporting a rival claimant to the crown
How much money did convocation vote to Henry VII and why in 1489?
25,000 pounds for French war
How many bonds were collected in later years of his reign?
Over 200 bonds
What was England’s primary export and what did the Tudors want to change?
Raw wool, change to finished wool products
What did Henry VII limit in 1489?
Limited export of raw wool - illegal for foreigners to buy raw wool to use on continent
Where was cloth flourishing?
West of England
How did cloth exports change under Henry VII?
Exports were up over 60%
When were the navigation acts and what did they do?
Encouraged English ship building, saved expenses in hiring foreign ships to carry English goods
1485-6
What did Henry sign in 1496 to improve trade?
Intercursus Magnus Treaty with Burgundy - allowed trade freely in Burgundy except in Flanders
Why did Venice cut taxes on English merchants?
1490 - cut exports to Venice and instead gave them to Florence (rival) which gave Florence advantage
Why was increase in mediterranean trade important?
Hub for valuable wines, spices, silks
Venice heavily dominated Mediterranean and taxed English merchants heavily
Why do some historians argue that Henry VII did not improve trade?
No clear plan, 50% English exports still carried out by foreign ships, English trade still very small compared to Spain, Venice
Why did Henry find trade important?
Inherited weak economy, focused on finance and improved trade, economy easily damaged by poor harvest, disease
What was a growing agricultural problem?
Enclosures - common land now exclusively owned
Farmers could work on larger scale and try new farming techniques but many poor farmers lost their livelihood and land
What did woollen goods make up as a percentage of England’s exports?
90%
Less imporant exports during this time?
Coal, lead, tin, smaller scale compared to wool and number of people involved smaller - open to vagaries of the time
How did Henry control nobility?
Limiting land, stopping retainers, giving bonds and recognises, offered patronage to a few earls
Why was Antwerp important for cloth industry?
Able to transport cloth all over Europe
How many were Urban dwellers?
10%
When was a law against retaining established?
1487
When was the first Tudor Poor Law and what did it do?
1495 (Vagabonds and Beggars Act) - made it illegal to give alms to able bodied beggars
What did Laws for beggars do at this time?
Punished them for idleness
What did parliament say about beggars in 1495?
Put in stocks for three days and nights with just bread and water provided
How much of the population lived and worked on the land?
90%
What type of farming improved?
Improved profitability of sheep farming as there was increased demand for wool
What were the cloth towns?
Lavinham in Suffolk
Small scale craft operations?
Tin mining in Cornwall
Lead mining in Pennines
How did English economy grow?
Expansion of trade in Mediterranean and Baltic, increased wealth
International disputes slowed down economy, cloth trade impacted
