Relationships Flashcards
Byrne, Clore, Smeaton
Similarity!! Ppl first sort partners for dissimilarity, avoiding those too diff.
Byrne & Clore
Reward/need satisfaction theory- operant n classical conditioning. Interactions w/ppl who meet a need in us (e.g.), will be directly rewarding n lead to pos feelings towards them. Also like ppl assoc. w/a positive event in pleasant context= liking thru association
Kerckhoff
Married partners typically come from same social, Eco n religious groups n have similar levels of intelligence n ed backgrounds
Griffit & Guay
Ppts evaluated on a creative taste by an experimenter!! BUT low ecological validity, lab studies- mundane realism
Hays
Over-emphasises importance of reward, rake pleasure from giving i.e. fam relationships
Rosenbaum
Dissimilarity > similarity important in determining whether a relationship will develop ‘dissimarity- repulsion hypothesis’
Loft
Cultural bias!! In many cultures women are more focused on the needs of others rather than receiving reinforcement
Aron et al
evolutionary explanation!! Brain reward system associated w/romantic love evolved to drive our ancestors to focus courtship energy on specific individuals, love at first sight mammalian response inherited to speed up mating process
Thibaut & Kelley
Social exchange theory- individuals attempt to maximise rewards n minimise costs = profitable relationship. Comparison level, if profit in new relationship exceeds CL worthwhile but negative result then dissatisfied
Walster et al
Equity theory!! Concerned about fairness, seek to ensure not under or over-rewarded. Person’s perceived ratio of inputs n outputs helps measure, otherwise will cause dissatisfaction n instability n partners will employ maintenance strategies to restore equity n stability
Messik & Cook
Will cause distress if ppl perceive unfairness in a relationship
Rusbult & Martz
Explains why women stay in abusive relationships- when investment high n alternatives low, makes situation profitable
Simpson et al
Ppl over-estimate pos features of present relationship n under-estimate benefits of alternatives which helps maintain self-esteem, support for CL
Davidson
More likely to stay together when relationship equitable
Berschied & Walster
Wives seek less for themselves than men, career importance
Gottman & Levenson
successful marriages ratio of pos:neg exchanges 5:1, unsuccessful 1:1 so goal should be to increase pos exchanges (real world app)
Jacobson et al
IBCT helps partners break neg patterns of behaviour that can cause ports thus making each other happier
Moghaddam
Cultural theories!! Economic theories only apply to western short-term relationships w/high mobility e.g. Students, makes more sense to be concerned w/give n take but in non-trad societies value security > personal profit
Duck
Model of relationship breakdown- process, e.g. Breakdown, social phase, resurrection process
Fisher
Evolutionary ‘4 year itch’- ppl predisposed to serial monogamy, mental module! Duration of pair-bonding linked to the conditioning of human infants, best strategy may be to seek new mating patent after infants weened ALSO support!! Looked at 60 cultures, west non west MEDC LEDC, discernible pattern of 4 year rise in divorce n breakdown
Tashiro & Fraizer
Undergrads support! Experience emo distress n personal growth, break up have them new insights into themselves n had clearer idea about future partners
Brehm & Kassin
Gender diff, women stress unhappiness n incompatibility n men ‘sexual withholding’
Akert
Women gr8 desire to stay friends but men wanna cut losses
China et al
Practical app!! Compared couples using CCET programme n control group. CCET group reported much higher marriage quality after training
