Eating Behaviour

Question 0

Gladwell & Harris

Answer 0

Importance of peers!! Best way to get a child to eat is to immerse them in a room full of children who already like that food

Question 1

Brown & Ogden

Answer 1

Consistent correlations btwn parents n children in terms of snack food intake, eating motivations n body dissatisfaction

Question 2

MacIntyre et al

Answer 2

Media have a major impact on what ppl eat n their attitudes to food but many eating behaviours limited by personal circumstances i.e. age, income, fam

Question 3

Powell & Khan

Answer 3

White women more likely to experience dissatisfaction/a disorder

Question 4

Ball & Kenardy

Answer 4

‘Acculturation effect’ women in Aus for longest, reported attitudes n behaviour to those born there

Question 5

Meyer & Gast

Answer 5

Correlation btwn peer influence n disordered eating, ‘likability’ of peers considered most important factor in this relationship

Question 6

Lowe et al

Answer 6

Easy to create negative associations w/food if assoc w/a bad experience

Question 7

Munford et al

Answer 7

Bulimia gr8 among Asian school girls

Question 8

Striegel-Moore et al

Answer 8

‘Drive for thinness’ higher among black girls

Question 9

Siever

Answer 9

Homosexuality risk factor in development of disordered eating attitudes

Question 10

Herman & Mack

Answer 10

Restraint theory- explains causes n consequences assoc w/cognitive restriction of food intake

Question 11

Klesges et al

Answer 11

89% of women retained food intake at some point

Question 12

Herman & Polivy

Answer 12

Boundary model- hunger important function in telling when n how much to eat. Satiation occurs when full, dieting widens the gal btwn hunger no satiation n leads to over-eating

Question 13

Wegner et al

Answer 13

White bear!! Theory of denial & ironic processes- attempts to suppress thoughts of certain foods only serve to increase the desire for them, offers some strategies… Practical app- focus on fitness > food! but ironic effects small, may underlie more SRS pathological forms of eating behaviour

Question 14

Wardle & Beatles

Answer 14

Support for restraint n over-eating!! Women in diet condition ate more than women in exercise/non-treatment groups when given the opp

Question 15

Ogden

Answer 15

Doesn’t explain AN if ppl diet but over-eat cos they manage to starve themselves

Question 16

Kern et al

Answer 16

LPL- weight loss activates this gene producing enzyme which may explain why it’s easier for dieter to regain list weight then someone who’s never been obese to put weight on

Question 17

Park et al

Answer 17

Cultural bias!! Asian adults more prone to obesity than Europeans

Question 18

Lashley

Answer 18

Neural mechanisms!! Hunger not just reflex to empty stomach, hypothalamus body’s control centre n maintains homeostasis by receiving messages from different parts of the body n making changes in response e.g. when glucose in blood low, liver sends signals to lateral hypothalamus making a person hungry. Evidence!! Tested on rats, found lateral main hunger centre, ventromedial main satiety centre

Question 19

Marie et al

Answer 19

Genetically manipulated mice so they didn’t take NPY n found no subsequent decrease in feeding behaviour (doesn’t support neural mechanisms)

Question 20

Zang et al

Answer 20

Studied mice, ob/ob mice have defective genes for leptin n injecting these mice w/leptin causes them to lose weight dramatically

Question 21

Lutter et al

Answer 21

Body produces extra amount of grehlin as a response to stress which can lead to comfort eating

Question 22

Hara

Answer 22

Psychological vs physiological hunger! External stimuli (availability of food, smell, time of day etc.) signal to the hypothalamus to make us feel hungry

Question 23

Yang et al

Answer 23

Real world app- should target individuals at risk of high levels of NPY then can treat them w/drugs that turn it of n prevent obesity

Question 24

Milton

Answer 24

Meat supplied humans w/all essential amino acids, minerals n nutrients required

Question 25

Garcia et al

Answer 25

A distinctive flavour is presented to a thiamine-deficient rat, followed by injection of thiamine the animal will require pref for that flavour

Question 26

Gibson & Wardle

Answer 26

Best way to predict which fruit n veg preferred by children was ones dense in calories i.e. bananas n potatoes most likely to be chosen

Question 27

Cordain et al

Answer 27

Early humans didn’t get most of calories from saturated animal fats

Question 28

Abrams

Answer 28

All societies display preference for animal foods n fats n wouldn’t have got sufficient calories from plants n grains available

Question 29

Seligman

Answer 29

Explains taste aversion thru biological preparedness- it enhances survival

Question 30

Webster

Answer 30

‘Scapegoat technique’ cancer patients acquired aversion to novel tasting ice-cream after taking it prior to chemotherapy

Question 31

Stanford

Answer 31

Chimpanzees which came close to starvation went straight for the fatty parts rather than the tender more nutritious flesh

Question 32

Gregory et al

Answer 32

16% 15-18 year olds ‘on a diet’

Question 33

Jones & Buckingham

Answer 33

Those w/low self-esteem more likely to compare themselves to those images in the media of thin models on TV

Question 34

Grabe & Hyde

Answer 34

Af-Am reported less body dissatisfaction than Caucasian n Hispanic females

Question 35

Pollack

Answer 35

In other cultures larger body sizes are more positive n assoc w/attractiveness, fertility n nurturance

Question 36

Jones & Crawford

Answer 36

Overweight boys n girls more likely to be teased

Question 37

Stroller et al

Answer 37

Patients of AN higher levels of perfectionism, 73% girls 50% boys

Question 38

Butler & Montgomery

Answer 38

Compared w/normal control group patients responded more rapidly on performance task, but inaccurately

Question 39

Becker et al

Answer 39

Fijian girls introduced TV n those who vomited to control weight rose 3-15% n scored high on test indicating risk for disordered eating rose 13-29%, those who watched most TV most at risk

Question 40

Halmi et al

Answer 40

Those w/history of AN scored higher on Multidimensional a Perfectionism Scale vs comparison group of healthy problem, linked to severity of AN n perfectionism appears to run in families n represents a genetic vulnerability

Question 41

Bailer et al

Answer 41

Higher serotonin activity in women recovering from binge-eating purging type AN than healthy women

Question 42

Kaye et al

Answer 42

Used PET scan to compare dope activity, increased dopamine in basal ganglia alters the way ppl interpret rewards i.e. find it difficult to assoc good feelings w/things most people find pleasurable (food). SSRI’s effective in preventing relapse

Question 43

Holland et al

Answer 43

56% identical twins concordat for anorexia compared w/5% of non-identical, conclude 80% of variability explained by genes

Question 44

Procopio et al

Answer 44

Males who develop in uterus w/twin sister appear to b more likely to develop AN than other males

Question 45

Surbey

Answer 45

AN attempt to optimise timing of conception (PIT), adaptive, enables females to avoid giving birth at times not conductive to offsprings survival e.g. famine

Question 46

Guisinger

Answer 46

‘Adapted to flee’ hyp, typical AN symptoms (food restriction, denial of starvation) reflect adaptive mechanisms once caused in response to famine. Treatment implications!! struggle of control btwn those w/AN n those who want them to get better is characteristic of AN but awareness of causal effect can help treatment n help parents to be more compassionate

Question 47

Klump et al

Answer 47

AN has high level of co-morbidity w/OCD, anx n depression all of which are assoc. w/serotonin regulation