Addiction

Question 0

Black et al

Answer 0

1st degree relatives more likely to also suffer gambling addiction

Question 1

Shah et al

Answer 1

Gambling- evidence for genetic transmission in men

Question 2

Paris et al

Answer 2

Associated w/under active pituitary adrenal system

Question 3

Zuckerman

Answer 3

Individual differences in optimal amounts of stimulation n emphasised importance of personality traits such as, impulsivity n sensation-seeking, in gambling

Question 4

Blaszaynski et al

Answer 4

Poor boredom tolerance may contribute to repetitive gambling

Question 5

Been & Zimmerman

Answer 5

Online n video gambling most addictive than other types e.g. betting on horses, suggests s/t about immediacy that instils the habit more rapidly

Question 6

Bonnai et al

Answer 6

Sensation-seeking n impulsivity linked but inconsistent

Question 7

Xian

Answer 7

54% “quit failure” for smoking attributable to genetic factors

Question 8

Vink et al

Answer 8

1572 Dutch twin pairs, 44% variance in smoking behaviour genetics, 75% nicotine addiction genetics

Question 9

Boardman et al

Answer 9

Heritability for smoking 42 in 321 same-sex fraternal twins

Question 10

Buka et al

Answer 10

Mothers who smoked heavily while pregnant more likely to produce smoke addicts

Question 11

Thogerrison et al

Answer 11

Area of genetic info on chromosome 15 was different in heavy, light n non-smokers

Question 12

Corigall & Coen

Answer 12

Mice would administer nicotine unless their dopamine reward system was inhibited

Question 13

Gelkopt et al

Answer 13

Self-medication model- individuals use different dorms of pathological behaviour to treat their psych symptoms e.g. Gambling helps depression assoc. w/poverty

Question 14

Griffiths

Answer 14

Gamblers believed they had ‘skills’ n made irrational verbalisations, non-gamblers saw the situation more realistically i.e. success due to chance

Question 15

Blanco et al

Answer 15

Gamblers suffer from ‘recall bias’

Question 16

Li et al

Answer 16

Support SMM!! Gamblers who SM more likely to have other substance dependence than pleasure seeking gamblers

Question 17

NIDA

Answer 17

Ppl report a using substances n gambling as a means of coping w/every day stressors e.g. money, work, relationship problems etc.

Question 18

Parrott

Answer 18

Adult smokers say cigarettes help them relax, but report report feeling more stressed than non-smokers

Question 19

Benhsain & Ladouceur

Answer 19

Relevant knowledge doesn’t make ppl less susceptible to cognitive distortions

Question 20

Delfabbro et al

Answer 20

Gamblers more irrational in some forms of gambling-relating cognition

Question 21

Becona et al

Answer 21

Support!!

Question 22

Brandon et al

Answer 22

Behaviour escalates into addiction cos of expectations of costs n benefits

Question 23

Kassel et al

Answer 23

Negative moods removed by smoking

Question 24

Mermelstein et al

Answer 24

Expect positive mood states after smoking

Question 25

Tate et al

Answer 25

Manipulated expectations during abstinence e.g. told smokers expect no negative experiences = lower semantic n psych effects

Question 26

DeVries & Baubier

Answer 26

Expectations of costs n benefits of smoking affect their quitting behaviour

Question 27

Moolchan et al

Answer 27

Use of nicotine patches could increase cessation rates n reduce relapse rates but only when accompanied w/CBT to change positive expectancies of smoking behaviour

Question 28

Juliano & Brandon

Answer 28

Smokers reported gr8r expectancies that cigarettes alleviate negative mood states n craving n had a pos effect on weight control compared w/diff forms of nicotine replacement therapy

Question 29

Davies

Answer 29

Addicts describe their behaviour v differently based on who they’re talking to (peers, police, health workers etc.)

Question 30

Griffiths

Answer 30

Gamblers playing slot machines may become addicted cos of the physiological rewards (e.g. getting a buzz from winning), psychological rewards (e.g. near miss), social rewards n financial rewards if they win

Question 31

Delfabbro & Winefield

Answer 31

Gamblers not always rational in their thinking, n gr8r weight may be given to the experience of winning

Question 32

Lambos et al

Answer 32

Peers n fam of problem gamblers more likely to approve of it, respondents who received this form of reinforcement gambled more than other respondents n continued doing so in the future

Question 33

Kandel & Wu

Answer 33

Yp smoke as consequence of social models they have around them who smoke

Question 34

Mayeux et al

Answer 34

Pos relationship btwn smoking at 16 n boys’ popularity 2yrs l8r

Question 35

Franklin et al

Answer 35

Smoking-related sensory cues rapidly become conditioned stimuli n activate the same brain areas, making cessation more difficult

Question 36

Hogarth et al

Answer 36

Amount of craving increased significantly when a conditioned stimulus related to smoking was presented to a smoker

Question 37

Lawrance & Rubinson

Answer 37

Adults who smoke more frequently have less confident in their. Ability to abstain so more likely to relapse

Question 38

Blaszcynski & Nower

Answer 38

Different pathways for gambling predict the likelihood of treatment being successful

Question 39

DiBlasio & Benda

Answer 39

Peer group the primary influence for smoking/drugs n more likely to hang out w/other smokers

Question 40

Karcher & Finn

Answer 40

Youth whose parents smoked 1.88x more likely to smoke, siblings 2.64x n close friends 8x

Question 41

Thewissen et al

Answer 41

Support view a cue predicting smoking l8r led to a gr8e urge to smoke than a cute predicting smoking unavailablity

Question 42

Drummond et al

Answer 42

Implications for treatment- cue exposure therapy

Question 43

Botvin

Answer 43

Target adolescents!! Crucial developmental period most vulnerable to influences of peers, imperative. To equipt them w/anti-smoking n drug arguments needed to counter pro cues from environments.

Question 44

Kendel & Wu

Answer 44

Initiation of smoking depends on availability of role models in home n peer group

Question 45

Mayeux et al

Answer 45

Popularity among peers may serve as positive reinforcement

Question 46

Lopez et al

Answer 46

Gender bias! Women smoke l8r n different stages n context which is ignored