Related Diagnostic Exams Flashcards
MRI stand for what?
Magnetic resonance imaging
Utility of MRI in breast imaging?
- Breast cancer detection
- Staging and treatment planning
- Evaluation of implant integrity
- Evaluating tumor response to chemotherapy
- Differentiation of tumor recurrence from scar
Limitations in breast imaging for MRI?
- Expensive
- Limited number of facilities have breast coils
- Benign mass can show contrast-enhancement and mimic cancer
- Less effective at detecting lower-grade DCIS
Mass characterization for MRI is based on both what?
Morphologic and dynamic (blood flow enhancement) features
Cancers on MRI are associated with what?
An increase in tumor-related blood flow (neoangiogenesis) and vessel permeability.
On MRI, a rapid, moderate-to-marked tumor enhancement following IV injection of a paramagnetic contrast agent (Gadolinium) with subsequent contrast wash out means what?
Invasive tumor
Most sensitive supplemental imaging modality for breast cancer detection?
Contrast-enhanced MRI
MRI is recommended for screening as an adjunct to mammo for women with approximately _____% chance or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer.
20-25%
What is the paramagnetic contrast agent used for MRI?
Gadolinium
Features worrisome for nodal metastases on MRI?
- enhancement on contrast-enhanced study
- nodal enlargement and fixation to surrounding tissues
What is the most accurate modality for evaluating implant rupture?
Non-enhanced MRI
MRI sign that represents collapsed elastomer shell suspended within silicone contained by the fibrous capsule?
linguine or wavy-line
MRI sign that indicates uncollapsed rupture with silicone gel trapped inside the peripheral (radial) fold?
Teardrop or noose
MRI sign that refers to silicone inside and outside a radial fold?
keyhole
Terms used to describe the radiographic examination of the lactiferous ducts using radiopaque, contrast agent?
Ductography and galactography
What type of contrast agent is used to reduce the incidence of duct irritation?
water-soluble, iodinated
Procedure of choice for examining a patient with clinically worrisome nipple discharge?
Ductography
When is ductography not recommended?
For patients with mastitis, iodinated contrast allergy or nipple surgery.
Description of ductography procedure?
After contrast injection, a series of mammo CC and 90degree lateral images are taken to show the ductal system.
What can help distend a subareolar duct for enhanced demonstration of intraductal lesions?
saline-infused ultrasound ductography
The first node to receive lymphatic drainage from a primary breast cancer is at most risk for metastasis, this is called what?
the sentinel node
A nuclear medicine procedure that uses a radioisotope to map lymphatic flow from a primary breast cancer to the first draining lymph node in the lymphatic basin is what?
Lymphoscintigraphy
What does ALND stand for?
Axillary lymph node dissection
What are complications of ALND?
lymphedema, nerve damage, and potential loss of arm and shoulder function
A negative sentinel node procedure has a ____% likelihood of representing a clear axillary nodal basin.
95-100%
What is the microscopic study of tissue?
Histology
What is the microscopic study of diseased tissue?
Histopathology
What does a histologic analysis include?
Minute structure, composition, and function of tissues
What differentiates normal tissue from physiological changes or form pathologic disease?
Histologic analysis
Histologic differentiation of cancer is based on what?
The types and patterns of cells and the effects on surrounding tissue.
