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Breast Board > Related Diagnostic Exams > Flashcards

Related Diagnostic Exams Flashcards

1
Q

MRI stand for what?

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

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2
Q

Utility of MRI in breast imaging?

A
  • Breast cancer detection
  • Staging and treatment planning
  • Evaluation of implant integrity
  • Evaluating tumor response to chemotherapy
  • Differentiation of tumor recurrence from scar
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3
Q

Limitations in breast imaging for MRI?

A
  • Expensive
  • Limited number of facilities have breast coils
  • Benign mass can show contrast-enhancement and mimic cancer
  • Less effective at detecting lower-grade DCIS
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4
Q

Mass characterization for MRI is based on both what?

A

Morphologic and dynamic (blood flow enhancement) features

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5
Q

Cancers on MRI are associated with what?

A

An increase in tumor-related blood flow (neoangiogenesis) and vessel permeability.

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6
Q

On MRI, a rapid, moderate-to-marked tumor enhancement following IV injection of a paramagnetic contrast agent (Gadolinium) with subsequent contrast wash out means what?

A

Invasive tumor

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7
Q

Most sensitive supplemental imaging modality for breast cancer detection?

A

Contrast-enhanced MRI

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8
Q

MRI is recommended for screening as an adjunct to mammo for women with approximately _____% chance or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer.

A

20-25%

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9
Q

What is the paramagnetic contrast agent used for MRI?

A

Gadolinium

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10
Q

Features worrisome for nodal metastases on MRI?

A
  • enhancement on contrast-enhanced study

- nodal enlargement and fixation to surrounding tissues

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11
Q

What is the most accurate modality for evaluating implant rupture?

A

Non-enhanced MRI

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12
Q

MRI sign that represents collapsed elastomer shell suspended within silicone contained by the fibrous capsule?

A

linguine or wavy-line

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13
Q

MRI sign that indicates uncollapsed rupture with silicone gel trapped inside the peripheral (radial) fold?

A

Teardrop or noose

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14
Q

MRI sign that refers to silicone inside and outside a radial fold?

A

keyhole

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15
Q

Terms used to describe the radiographic examination of the lactiferous ducts using radiopaque, contrast agent?

A

Ductography and galactography

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16
Q

What type of contrast agent is used to reduce the incidence of duct irritation?

A

water-soluble, iodinated

17
Q

Procedure of choice for examining a patient with clinically worrisome nipple discharge?

A

Ductography

18
Q

When is ductography not recommended?

A

For patients with mastitis, iodinated contrast allergy or nipple surgery.

19
Q

Description of ductography procedure?

A

After contrast injection, a series of mammo CC and 90degree lateral images are taken to show the ductal system.

20
Q

What can help distend a subareolar duct for enhanced demonstration of intraductal lesions?

A

saline-infused ultrasound ductography

21
Q

The first node to receive lymphatic drainage from a primary breast cancer is at most risk for metastasis, this is called what?

A

the sentinel node

22
Q

A nuclear medicine procedure that uses a radioisotope to map lymphatic flow from a primary breast cancer to the first draining lymph node in the lymphatic basin is what?

A

Lymphoscintigraphy

23
Q

What does ALND stand for?

A

Axillary lymph node dissection

24
Q

What are complications of ALND?

A

lymphedema, nerve damage, and potential loss of arm and shoulder function

25
Q

A negative sentinel node procedure has a ____% likelihood of representing a clear axillary nodal basin.

A

95-100%

26
Q

What is the microscopic study of tissue?

A

Histology

27
Q

What is the microscopic study of diseased tissue?

A

Histopathology

28
Q

What does a histologic analysis include?

A

Minute structure, composition, and function of tissues

29
Q

What differentiates normal tissue from physiological changes or form pathologic disease?

A

Histologic analysis

30
Q

Histologic differentiation of cancer is based on what?

A

The types and patterns of cells and the effects on surrounding tissue.

Breast Board (9 decks)

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