Reinforcing - lecture Flashcards
5 primary shapers of personality ( the critical 5 )
1.) attention
2.) approval
3.) affection
4.) conformance of others to our wishes
5.) tokens ( $ )
the critical 5 are all what ?
social/ getting positive reactions from others.
Reinforcement effects can fade quickly
study with teacher / student
- If teacher reinforces child then action increases but once reinforcement is withdrawn the action goes away
- sometimes reinforcement can persist as well, why ?
what makes reinforcement last ?
extinction
extinction
reduction of behavior when reinforcement is withdrawn
- speed at which reinforcement disappears depends on schedule of reinforcement
intermittent reinforcement
- leads to slower extinction than does continuous reinforcement
- sporadic
- longer lasting behavior uses this type of reinforcement
continuous reinforcement
reinforce every time
not good for overall behavior because you become aware
counter intermittent
you enforce a stronger bhevaior change by reinforcing less often
infrequent intermittent
not all the time and not at the same times, this is the best since you wont be able to realize the reinforcement
main point of reinforcement with learning
learning is best when you learn outside the awareness of the individual.
- therefore operant conditioning works best when you learn outside the awareness of the individual
- could argue continuous is not even operant because you recognize it
another reason to g easy on reinforcement ?
over-justification effect
over-justification effect experiment ( mark lepper )
external rewards decrease intrinsic motivation
- 18 month old tollder engage in helping behavior, behaviorists would say that a toddler with reward will help again over a child with no reward HOWEVER the child without the reward helped the second time, not the child with the reward.
- this is the reason why people who end up getting paid for their passion ( artist ) end up disliking that passion.
cause for over-justification effect
human need for autonomy -> want to make own choices, independent.
- When someone reinforces us, in some circumstances we experience the reinforcement as someone trying to control us. ( reinforcement makes us think we are denied independence )
- this leads to cognitive evaluation theory
cognitive evaluation theory ( DECI )
challenges behaviorist assumption ( it revolves around central thought )
- he thought we has two fundamental needs because Anytime we receive feedback, we think about what is the implication of this feedback for my autonomy and what is the implication of this feedback for my competence.
- two needs -> autonomy and competence
threatened autonomy =
decreased motivation
- external , tangible rewards often threaten autonomy ( give 5 bucks for getting an A, makes me feel controlled so my autonomy is threatened, less interested in that stuff given dollar for )
