Motivation & goals - lecture Flashcards
what do theories of motivation say?
focus on pursuing goals, and how you will achieve these goals
what would adler say about goals ?
Adler ( ex ) says goal = achieve personal significance, strategy to achieve = pro social behavior? Domineering behavior ?
goals
the end one desires
goals are like…
prototypical pull theory
long term goals
are necessary for meaning and inspiration
- Become a positive force in my community
- Become an educated/ knowledgeable person
short term goals
are needed to make progress on long term goals
- Search LU community service website for opportunities
- Read the book assigned for my philosophy class
nomothetic goals
basic set of goals that virtually all people pursure
idiographic goals
goals someone is pursuing but not everyone is pursuing
( can be strategies to achieve nomothetic goals )
Primary nomothetic goals ( McClelland )
-Achievement - celebrating achievement, talking about what they want to achieve ( wanting to become excellent)
-Affiliation - connect with others
-Power - influential over other people, say in what they think and what they do. ( feel strong and influential )
primary nomothetic goals ( Emmons )
Seeking esteem, interpersonal success, self assertion, enjoyment, avoid negative affect
Goals in achievement settings
When people are in achievement situation they tend to achieve two diff goals, judgement goals and development goals
judgement goals
goals that show competence
development goals
grow competence
why are these two goals important ?
Important because it shows how well people respond when things do not go well in the achievement domain
- people react differently on setback based on what goal they are pursuing in the first place
not achieving judgement goal shows what pattern?
helpless pattern response : do not take responsibility, blame others, also after setback withdraw effort.
not achieving development goal shows what pattern ?
mastery oriented response : : taking responsibility, i must have done something wrong, i need to do something different to get better and work to see what they can do differently to achieve that goal
- Viewing yourself as the cause for what happened, but not in a negative way. ( trying to master the achievement area instead of withdrawing and blaming others for what happened )
origin of goals ?
Implicit theories are one factor that influences what type of goal people gravitate towards
nature of human attributes
entity and incremental theory
Entity theory
abilities are fixed
-Someone would believe you cannot change how good you are at this or that, you have a set ability level for these things, (artistic or not, smart or not)
-Pursue judgment goal
-Task failing is typically depressing for entity theory
incremental theory
abilities are malleable
- People can get better if they try
- Pursue development goal
medical schools study on entity and incremental showed what ? ( DWECK )
- Dweck asked students in medical school what they were goal wise and then followed them through the year to see how they did
- found incremental and development goal = higher gpa & less likely to drop out or get kicked out
- entity people = defensive self destructive fashion
coping with depression study on incremental and entity showed what ?
people with incremental tried things to get better and entity said this is the way they are and almost “rot” in that belief.
moderator variable
affects how strong a certain variable is. ( influences the size of some other effect you are interested in )
- theories more impactful for low performing students
any benefit for entity theorists ?
- Quicker to recognize when to move on.
- Some truth to incremental theory : you can perform badly and get better at something
- But, entity theory has some truth to it as well, not everyone is good at everything
- Some kids are better at playing instruments than others.
- Incremental theorist might try to get better at something that might never
