Reinforcement: Beyond Habit

Question 1

Shaping

Answer 1

The reinforcement of successive approximation of a desired behaviour. Small steps towards the end goal.

Question 2

Behaviour chain

Answer 2

A connected sequence of behaviour.

I walk to the bathroom, I grab my toothbrush, I add toothpaste, I put the toothbrush in my mouth.

Question 3

Chaining

Answer 3

Teaching sequences to reach a specific goal

Question 4

Task analysis

Answer 4

Identifying the component elements of a behaviour chain. First step in Chaining

Question 5

Forward chaining

Answer 5

Trainer starts with step A, then B, then C and so forth

Question 6

Backward chaining

Answer 6

Trainer starts with the last step, and then the preceding step. Step C, then B, then A. The chain is always performed forwards.

Question 7

Problem (solving)

Answer 7

When the reinforcer is known but the behaviour is not.

Question 8

Insights (The evolution of)

Answer 8

Arrives slowly as a result of a number of learning experiences

Question 9

Insightful problem solving

Answer 9

Product of reinforcement history

Question 10

Creativity

Answer 10

Novel behaviour

Question 11

Learned helplessness

Answer 11

Exposure to inescapable aversives leads to learned helplessness

Question 12

Learned industriousness

Answer 12

Keep persisting in finding a solution - until a solution has been found. Opposite to Learned helplessness