Operant learning: Punishment

Question 1

Punishment

Answer 1

Decrease in the strength of behaviour due to its consequences

Question 2

Positive punishment

Answer 2

undesired behaviour is followed by the presentation of or an increase in the intensity of, a stimulus.

Question 3

Negative punishment

Answer 3

Undesired behaviour is followed by the removal of or a decrease in the intensity of, a stimulus

Question 4

Penalty training

Answer 4

Another word for negative punishment

Question 5

Contingency

Answer 5

If-Then. Punishment needs to be delivered with consistency.

Question 6

Contiguity

Answer 6

The time between the behaviour occurring and the punishment delivered.

Question 7

Response prevention

Answer 7

Altering the environment to prevent the behaviour from occurring

Question 8

Differential reinforcement

Answer 8

Any operant training procedure in which certain kinds of behaviour are systematically reinforced and other are not

Question 9

Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviour

Answer 9

A form of differential reinforcement in which a behaviour that is different from an undesired behaviour is systematically reinforced. The procedure provides an alternative way of obtaining reinforcement.

Question 10

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviour

Answer 10

A form of differential reinforcement in which a behaviour that is incompatible with an unwanted behaviour is systematically reinforced.

Question 11

Differential reinforcement of low rate

Answer 11

A form of differential reinforcement in which a behaviour is reinforced only if it occurs no more than a specific number of times in a given period

Question 12

In general, the higher/greater the level of reinforcer deprivation, the ______ effective a punisher is

Answer 12

Less

Question 13

Name 4 variables affecting punishment

Answer 13

Contingency, continuity, punisher intensity, beginning level of punishment, availability of reinforcement for the punished behaviour, alternative sources of reinforcement, deprivation level, and qualitative features of the punisher

Question 14

The two processes of the two-process theory are

Answer 14

Pavlovian conditioning and operant learning

Question 15

Five problems with using punishment

Answer 15

Escape, aggression, apathy, abuse, and imitative use of punishment

Question 16

In differential reinforcement, an unwanted behaviour (or rate of behaviour) is placed on ______, and a more desirable behaviour (or rate of behaviour) is _____________

Answer 16

Extinction

Reinforced