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PT Across the LIFESPAN > Rehabilitation in Pediatric Oncology > Flashcards

Rehabilitation in Pediatric Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

neuroblastoma treatment

A
  • Low Risk: Observation vs. Surgery only
  • Moderate Risk:
    – Surgery
    – Moderate Intensity Chemo
  • High Risk:
    – Chemo
    – Surgery
    – High Dose Chemo
    – Hematopoietic Stem Cell Rescue
    – Radiation
    – Clinical Trials
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2
Q

Primary osteosarcoma tumor location

A
  • Long bones: distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus
  • Less common: pelvis, jaw, fibula
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3
Q

Second most common primary bone tumor seen in children & adolescents (35%)

A

Ewing’s Sarcoma

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4
Q

Prognosis in leukemia is based on initial

A
  • WBC count
  • age
  • cytogenetics
  • immunology
  • response to initial treatment
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5
Q

An _______ is a nuclear medicine scan which involves an injection of a liquid radioactive material called iodine-123-meta-iodobenzylguanidine – MIBG for short. The radioactive material is injected into a vein on the front of your arm at the level of your elbow or in the back of your hand.

A

MIBG Scan

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6
Q

Astrocytoma & Ependymoma 5 year survival rate:

A

55%

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7
Q

Peak incidence Ewing’s Sarcoma is between______ years of age

A

10-15

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8
Q

Trends in 5-Year Relative Survival (Percent) by Diagnosis in Children 0-14 Years, 1975-2006

A
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9
Q

Types of Surgical Procedures

A
  • Tumor resection with joint replacement
  • External/internal hemipelvectomy
  • Partial/total sacrectomy
  • Amputation (AKA, BKA, disarticulation, fore-quarter)
  • Rotationplasty
  • Expandable Prosthesis
  • Epiphysiodesis
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10
Q

Two main types of leukemia:

A
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
  • Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
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11
Q

Location Specific brain tumor:

  • Facial droop
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Slurred speech
A

Brainstem glioma

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12
Q

Brainstem Glioma 5 year survival rate:

A

<5%

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13
Q

Diagnosis of brain tumors

A
  • Biopsy
  • Imaging
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14
Q

Phases of Chemotherapy Leukemia

A
  1. Induction
  2. Consolidation
  3. Delayed intensification?
  4. Maintenance
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15
Q

– Lump in abdomen, chest, neck
– Dark circles around eyes
– Bone pain
– Swollen stomach
– Labored breathing in infants
– Painless, bluish lumps under skin
– Weakness, paralysis

A

neuroblastoma symptoms

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16
Q

Mot common type of cancer

A

Leukemia

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17
Q

peak incidence age of leukemia

A

2-5 years

(many skill are learned at this age)

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18
Q

neuroblastoma location

A
  • Anywhere in the Sympathetic Nervous System
    • Adrenal glands
    • Sympathetic ganglia
  • may not be identifiable
    – Widely disseminated disease
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19
Q

Most common solid, extracranial tumor in children

A

Neuroblastoma

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20
Q

Mean age of neuroblastoma diagnosis is

A

17.3 months

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21
Q

When limb salvage is not feasible or contraindicated

A

Amputation

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22
Q

Treatment of leukemia:

A
  1. Chemotherapy
  2. Radiation
  3. Stem cell transplant
23
Q

Use of ankle joint as knee joint with prosthesis

A

Rotationplasty

24
Q

Peak age of incidence of brain tumors is ___ years old

A

5

25
Q

Primary malignant bone tumor

A

Osteosarcoma

26
Q

Ewing’s Sarcoma primary sites

A
  • Lower extremity
  • Pelvis
  • Chest wall
  • Upper extremity
  • Spine
  • Skull
27
Q

neuroblastoma symptoms

A
  • reflect the location of the tumor
  • some may be asymptomatic
28
Q

Symptoms of leukemia

A
  • Easy bruising
  • Pallor
  • Bone and/or joint pain
  • Lymphadenopathy
29
Q

Limb salvage:

A
  • Tumor removal
  • Restoration of function & appearance
    • Prosthesis
  • Complications
30
Q

Omaya reservoir

A
  • brains tumor
  • when brain tumor cannot be operated
  • Chemo not working (cannot cross BBB)
31
Q

Most common bone cancer in children & adolescents

A

osteosarcoma

32
Q

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is used to

A

match you with a donor for your bone marrow or cord blood transplant.

33
Q

Most commonly diagnosed tumor in children younger than 1 year

A

neruoblastoma

34
Q

__________ is the most common location of pediatric tumors

A

The posterior fossa

(medulloblastomas & glioma/astrocytoma)

35
Q

Overall brain tumor survival is about ___

A

70%

36
Q

Medulloblastoma 5 year survival rate:

A

80%

37
Q

Location specific brain tumor:

increased head size before 2 y/o

A

Ventricles

Ependymoma

38
Q

Bone cancer treatment:

A
  1. Chemo
  2. Radiation
  3. Surgery: limb salvage, amputation
39
Q

Diagnosis bone cancer

A
  • X-ray
  • MRI
  • CT scans
  • Biopsy
    – CT guided core needle biopsy
    – *Open biopsy
  • Bone marrow aspirate
40
Q

Most common cancer in children & adolescents (29%)

A

Leukemia

41
Q

malignant tumors in cancellous bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, vascular, or hematopoietic tissues are, by definition, considered

A

sarcomas.

42
Q

cancer name

A

Ependymoma

43
Q
A

neuroblastoma symptom

44
Q

bone cancer prognosis is based on several factors:

A

– Site and size of primary tumor
– Presence of metastatic disease
– Response to initial therapy
– Age at diagnosis

45
Q

Treatment of brain tumors

A
  • Chemothrapy
  • Radiation
  • Surgery
  • Steroids
  • Anti-convulsants
46
Q

Location Specific brain tumor:

  • Clumsiness
  • Difficulty with coordination
A

cerebellum

medulloblastoma

47
Q

Diagnosis of leukemia

A
  • Bone marrow biopsy
  • Lumbar puncture
  • Peripheral blood smear
48
Q

Stem Cell Transplant
Types?
​Source?

A
  • When every other tx fails in leukemia
  • Types:
    • Autogenic
    • Allogenic
    • Syngenic
  • Source:
    • Peripheral Blood
    • Cord Blood
    • Bone Marrow
49
Q

2nd most common pediatric cancer

A

brain tumors

50
Q

diagnosis of neuroblastoma

A
  • Bone marrow aspirate
  • X-Ray
  • MIBG Scan
  • Abdominal CT or MRI
  • Chest X-Ray
  • 24 hour urine collection
  • Tumor biopsy
51
Q

Leading cause of childhood cancer related deaths

A

brain tumors

52
Q

Symptoms of Bone Cancer

A
  • Localized pain:
    • Awakens at night
    • Increases with weightbearing
    • Constant
  • Swelling
  • Palpable mass
  • Fracture
53
Q

Symptom of brain tumors

A

– Headaches (children usually don’t have HA)
– Double vision
– Nausea & Vomiting
– Irritability or sleep difficulties
– Changes in personality and behavior
– Impaired concentration
– Memory loss
– Problems with reasoning

PT Across the LIFESPAN (13 decks)

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