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PT Across the LIFESPAN > Rehabilitation in Pediatric Oncology > Flashcards

Rehabilitation in Pediatric Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

neuroblastoma treatment

A
  • Low Risk: Observation vs. Surgery only
  • Moderate Risk:
    – Surgery
    – Moderate Intensity Chemo
  • High Risk:
    – Chemo
    – Surgery
    – High Dose Chemo
    – Hematopoietic Stem Cell Rescue
    – Radiation
    – Clinical Trials
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2
Q

Primary osteosarcoma tumor location

A
  • Long bones: distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus
  • Less common: pelvis, jaw, fibula
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3
Q

Second most common primary bone tumor seen in children & adolescents (35%)

A

Ewing’s Sarcoma

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4
Q

Prognosis in leukemia is based on initial

A
  • WBC count
  • age
  • cytogenetics
  • immunology
  • response to initial treatment
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5
Q

An _______ is a nuclear medicine scan which involves an injection of a liquid radioactive material called iodine-123-meta-iodobenzylguanidine – MIBG for short. The radioactive material is injected into a vein on the front of your arm at the level of your elbow or in the back of your hand.

A

MIBG Scan

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6
Q

Astrocytoma & Ependymoma 5 year survival rate:

A

55%

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7
Q

Peak incidence Ewing’s Sarcoma is between______ years of age

A

10-15

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8
Q

Trends in 5-Year Relative Survival (Percent) by Diagnosis in Children 0-14 Years, 1975-2006

A
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9
Q

Types of Surgical Procedures

A
  • Tumor resection with joint replacement
  • External/internal hemipelvectomy
  • Partial/total sacrectomy
  • Amputation (AKA, BKA, disarticulation, fore-quarter)
  • Rotationplasty
  • Expandable Prosthesis
  • Epiphysiodesis
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10
Q

Two main types of leukemia:

A
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
  • Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
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11
Q

Location Specific brain tumor:

  • Facial droop
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Slurred speech
A

Brainstem glioma

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12
Q

Brainstem Glioma 5 year survival rate:

A

<5%

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13
Q

Diagnosis of brain tumors

A
  • Biopsy
  • Imaging
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14
Q

Phases of Chemotherapy Leukemia

A
  1. Induction
  2. Consolidation
  3. Delayed intensification?
  4. Maintenance
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15
Q

– Lump in abdomen, chest, neck
– Dark circles around eyes
– Bone pain
– Swollen stomach
– Labored breathing in infants
– Painless, bluish lumps under skin
– Weakness, paralysis

A

neuroblastoma symptoms

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16
Q

Mot common type of cancer

A

Leukemia

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17
Q

peak incidence age of leukemia

A

2-5 years

(many skill are learned at this age)

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18
Q

neuroblastoma location

A
  • Anywhere in the Sympathetic Nervous System
    • Adrenal glands
    • Sympathetic ganglia
  • may not be identifiable
    – Widely disseminated disease
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19
Q

Most common solid, extracranial tumor in children

A

Neuroblastoma

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20
Q

Mean age of neuroblastoma diagnosis is

A

17.3 months

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21
Q

When limb salvage is not feasible or contraindicated

A

Amputation

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22
Q

Treatment of leukemia:

A
  1. Chemotherapy
  2. Radiation
  3. Stem cell transplant
23
Q

Use of ankle joint as knee joint with prosthesis

A

Rotationplasty

24
Q

Peak age of incidence of brain tumors is ___ years old

25
Primary malignant bone tumor
Osteosarcoma
26
Ewing’s Sarcoma primary sites
* Lower extremity * Pelvis * Chest wall * Upper extremity * Spine * Skull
27
neuroblastoma symptoms
* reflect the location of the tumor * some may be asymptomatic
28
Symptoms of leukemia
* Easy bruising * Pallor * Bone and/or joint pain * Lymphadenopathy
29
Limb salvage:
* Tumor removal * Restoration of function & appearance * Prosthesis * Complications
30
Omaya reservoir
* brains tumor * when brain tumor cannot be operated * Chemo not working (cannot cross BBB)
31
Most common bone cancer in children & adolescents
osteosarcoma
32
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is used to
match you with a donor for your bone marrow or cord blood transplant.
33
Most commonly diagnosed tumor in children younger than 1 year
neruoblastoma
34
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the most common location of pediatric tumors
**The posterior fossa** | (medulloblastomas & glioma/astrocytoma)
35
Overall brain tumor survival is about \_\_\_
70%
36
Medulloblastoma 5 year survival rate:
80%
37
Location specific brain tumor: increased head size before 2 y/o
**Ventricles** Ependymoma
38
Bone cancer treatment:
1. Chemo 2. Radiation 3. Surgery: limb salvage, amputation
39
Diagnosis bone cancer
* X-ray * MRI * CT scans * Biopsy – CT guided core needle biopsy – \*Open biopsy * Bone marrow aspirate
40
Most common cancer in children & adolescents (29%)
**Leukemia**
41
malignant tumors in cancellous bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, vascular, or hematopoietic tissues are, by definition, considered
sarcomas.
42
cancer name
Ependymoma
43
neuroblastoma symptom
44
bone cancer prognosis is based on several factors:
– Site and size of primary tumor – Presence of metastatic disease – Response to initial therapy – Age at diagnosis
45
Treatment of brain tumors
* Chemothrapy * Radiation * Surgery * Steroids * Anti-convulsants
46
Location Specific brain tumor: * Clumsiness * Difficulty with coordination
**cerebellum** medulloblastoma
47
Diagnosis of leukemia
* Bone marrow biopsy * Lumbar puncture * Peripheral blood smear
48
Stem Cell Transplant Types? ​Source?
* When every other tx fails in leukemia * Types: * Autogenic * Allogenic * Syngenic * Source: * Peripheral Blood * Cord Blood * Bone Marrow
49
2nd most common pediatric cancer
brain tumors
50
diagnosis of neuroblastoma
* Bone marrow aspirate * X-Ray * **MIBG Scan** * Abdominal CT or MRI * Chest X-Ray * **24 hour** **urine collection** * Tumor biopsy
51
Leading cause of childhood cancer related deaths
brain tumors
52
Symptoms of Bone Cancer
* **Localized pain:** * Awakens at night * Increases with weightbearing * Constant * **Swelling** * **Palpable mass** * **Fracture**
53
Symptom of brain tumors
– **Headaches** (children usually don't have HA) – Double vision – Nausea & Vomiting – Irritability or sleep difficulties – Changes in personality and behavior – Impaired concentration – Memory loss – Problems with reasoning

PT Across the LIFESPAN (13 decks)

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