Rehabilitation in Pediatric Oncology Flashcards
neuroblastoma treatment
- Low Risk: Observation vs. Surgery only
-
Moderate Risk:
– Surgery
– Moderate Intensity Chemo -
High Risk:
– Chemo
– Surgery
– High Dose Chemo
– Hematopoietic Stem Cell Rescue
– Radiation
– Clinical Trials
Primary osteosarcoma tumor location
- Long bones: distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus
- Less common: pelvis, jaw, fibula
Second most common primary bone tumor seen in children & adolescents (35%)
Ewing’s Sarcoma
Prognosis in leukemia is based on initial
- WBC count
- age
- cytogenetics
- immunology
- response to initial treatment
An _______ is a nuclear medicine scan which involves an injection of a liquid radioactive material called iodine-123-meta-iodobenzylguanidine – MIBG for short. The radioactive material is injected into a vein on the front of your arm at the level of your elbow or in the back of your hand.
MIBG Scan
Astrocytoma & Ependymoma 5 year survival rate:
55%
Peak incidence Ewing’s Sarcoma is between______ years of age
10-15
Trends in 5-Year Relative Survival (Percent) by Diagnosis in Children 0-14 Years, 1975-2006
Types of Surgical Procedures
- Tumor resection with joint replacement
- External/internal hemipelvectomy
- Partial/total sacrectomy
- Amputation (AKA, BKA, disarticulation, fore-quarter)
- Rotationplasty
- Expandable Prosthesis
- Epiphysiodesis
Two main types of leukemia:
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
Location Specific brain tumor:
- Facial droop
- Difficulty swallowing
- Slurred speech
Brainstem glioma
Brainstem Glioma 5 year survival rate:
<5%
Diagnosis of brain tumors
- Biopsy
- Imaging
Phases of Chemotherapy Leukemia
- Induction
- Consolidation
- Delayed intensification?
- Maintenance
– Lump in abdomen, chest, neck
– Dark circles around eyes
– Bone pain
– Swollen stomach
– Labored breathing in infants
– Painless, bluish lumps under skin
– Weakness, paralysis
neuroblastoma symptoms
Mot common type of cancer
Leukemia
peak incidence age of leukemia
2-5 years
(many skill are learned at this age)
neuroblastoma location
- Anywhere in the Sympathetic Nervous System
- Adrenal glands
- Sympathetic ganglia
-
may not be identifiable
– Widely disseminated disease
Most common solid, extracranial tumor in children
Neuroblastoma
Mean age of neuroblastoma diagnosis is
17.3 months
When limb salvage is not feasible or contraindicated
Amputation
Treatment of leukemia:
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
- Stem cell transplant
Use of ankle joint as knee joint with prosthesis
Rotationplasty
Peak age of incidence of brain tumors is ___ years old
5
Primary malignant bone tumor
Osteosarcoma
Ewing’s Sarcoma primary sites
- Lower extremity
- Pelvis
- Chest wall
- Upper extremity
- Spine
- Skull
neuroblastoma symptoms
- reflect the location of the tumor
- some may be asymptomatic
Symptoms of leukemia
- Easy bruising
- Pallor
- Bone and/or joint pain
- Lymphadenopathy
Limb salvage:
- Tumor removal
- Restoration of function & appearance
- Prosthesis
- Complications
Omaya reservoir
- brains tumor
- when brain tumor cannot be operated
- Chemo not working (cannot cross BBB)
Most common bone cancer in children & adolescents
osteosarcoma
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is used to
match you with a donor for your bone marrow or cord blood transplant.
Most commonly diagnosed tumor in children younger than 1 year
neruoblastoma
__________ is the most common location of pediatric tumors
The posterior fossa
(medulloblastomas & glioma/astrocytoma)
Overall brain tumor survival is about ___
70%
Medulloblastoma 5 year survival rate:
80%
Location specific brain tumor:
increased head size before 2 y/o
Ventricles
Ependymoma
Bone cancer treatment:
- Chemo
- Radiation
- Surgery: limb salvage, amputation
Diagnosis bone cancer
- X-ray
- MRI
- CT scans
- Biopsy
– CT guided core needle biopsy
– *Open biopsy - Bone marrow aspirate
Most common cancer in children & adolescents (29%)
Leukemia
malignant tumors in cancellous bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, vascular, or hematopoietic tissues are, by definition, considered
sarcomas.
cancer name
Ependymoma
neuroblastoma symptom
bone cancer prognosis is based on several factors:
– Site and size of primary tumor
– Presence of metastatic disease
– Response to initial therapy
– Age at diagnosis
Treatment of brain tumors
- Chemothrapy
- Radiation
- Surgery
- Steroids
- Anti-convulsants
Location Specific brain tumor:
- Clumsiness
- Difficulty with coordination
cerebellum
medulloblastoma
Diagnosis of leukemia
- Bone marrow biopsy
- Lumbar puncture
- Peripheral blood smear
Stem Cell Transplant
Types?
Source?
- When every other tx fails in leukemia
- Types:
- Autogenic
- Allogenic
- Syngenic
- Source:
- Peripheral Blood
- Cord Blood
- Bone Marrow
2nd most common pediatric cancer
brain tumors
diagnosis of neuroblastoma
- Bone marrow aspirate
- X-Ray
- MIBG Scan
- Abdominal CT or MRI
- Chest X-Ray
- 24 hour urine collection
- Tumor biopsy
Leading cause of childhood cancer related deaths
brain tumors
Symptoms of Bone Cancer
-
Localized pain:
- Awakens at night
- Increases with weightbearing
- Constant
- Swelling
- Palpable mass
- Fracture
Symptom of brain tumors
– Headaches (children usually don’t have HA)
– Double vision
– Nausea & Vomiting
– Irritability or sleep difficulties
– Changes in personality and behavior
– Impaired concentration
– Memory loss
– Problems with reasoning
