Intro to development Flashcards
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease and infirmity:
Definition of Health (WHO)
Ways to Assess Health:
- Physical Manifestations
- Symptoms
- Functional status:
- Disability
- Handicap
Those activities identified by an individual as essential to support physical, social and psychological well-being and to create a personal sense of meaningful life:
Definition of Function (Guide to PT Practice)
Disablement and Enablement Health status Models:
-
Disablement:
- Nagi: pathology → impairment → functional limitation → disability
- ICIDH: disease → impairment → disability → handicap
-
Enablement:
- ICF: health condition → body function & structure → activity → participation
What are the three domains of function?
Which lifespan theory of development falls in each domain?
- Biophysical: Dynamic Systems.
- Psychological: Erickson’s psychological stages.
-
Social: Social Learning:
• Maslow
• Bandura
• Bronfenbrenner
Development of Physical Function:
- Survival Needs
- Home
- Community
Factor affecting function:
- Personal
- Environment
- Societal norms
Componentes of function:
- Flexibility
- Balance
- Power
- Endurance
- Coordination
life long, multidimensional, plastic, rooted in history, and multi-causal
LIFESPAN
Growth: changes in the physical dimensions of the body that are considered “normal” fall in which percentile?
10%-90% is considered “normal”
Age of completion of development (≠ Maturity)
25-30 years old
Senescence:
Progressive physiological decline
- Related to interactions with the environment.
- Occurs after reaching physiological peak.
- Increased vulnerability and likelihood of death.
Periods of development:
- Prenatal
- Infancy: birth - 2y
- Childhood: 2 - 10/12y
- Adolesecence: 10 - 18y, 12-20y
Erikson’s Stages:
Infancy
Trust vs. Mistrust
Erikson’s Stages:
Toddlers:
Independence, self control
Erikson’s Stages:
Preschooler:
Initiation of independent activity
Erikson’s Stages:
School aged:
Completion of tasks for recognition
Erikson’s Stages:
Adolescence:
Sense of self: physically, sexually, socially
Erikson’s Stages:
Young Adult:
Relationships with others
Erikson’s Stages:
Middle adulthood:
Guiding the next generation
Erikson’s Stages:
Late adulthood:
Sense of wholeness, vitality, wisdom
Bandura’s sociocultural:
- Modeling
- Experience + Memory = Learning
- Social skills
Maslow’s motivation:
- Achievement of each mstage depends on mastery of the previous
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecology:
- Organisms are best studied in their natural habitat
- Interaction of family, community and culture is important
Which theory suggest that CNS maturation is the primary determinant of motor behavior and experience plays no role in development
Maturationist
Piaget’s stages:
Concerned with the “here and now,” developing object permanence and discovering new ways to play with toys
Sensorimotor: 1-2 yr
Piaget’s stage:
Imaginative and symbolic play. Uni-dimensional thinking
Pre-Operational: 2-7 y
Piaget’s stage:
Logical sequencing, able to see things from others point of view
(bullying can start at this stage)
Concrete Operational: 7-13 y/o
Piaget’s stage:
Hypothetico-deductive thinking, understanding of interactions
(learning algebra)
Formal Operational: 13 y
Which child theory focuses on interaction
with the environment, organization, and adaptation
Piaget’s Stages
Skinner’s Behaviorist Theory
- Conditioning and reinforcement
- All behavior is learned
(as opposed to the maturist theaory)
Child Theories: Psychological Perceptual Cognitive
- Perception guides action
- Information processing
- Environmental Affordance
Child temperament types:
- Easy
- Difficult
- Slow to warm up
Chid Attachment types : Relationship with caregiver
○ Secure
○ Anxious
○ Resistant
○ Disorganized
The development of play:
○ Solitary
○ Onlooker
○ Parallel (1y)
○ Associative (1-2y)
○ Cooperative (2-4y)
○ Symbolic (>4y)
Erikson’s work was extended by Valliant to include 2
additional stages:
-
Career Consolidation
- Bet initimacy adn generativity
- 20-40 years of age; focus on career development
- Job to career transformation: competence, commitment,
contentment and compensation
-
Keeper of meaning
- Following generativity vs. stagnation
- Late middle adulthood
- Preserving culture, guiding groups, preserves traditions
Lavinson’s “Seasons of a man’s life”
….described as 4 eras of one life with_________ periods of transition in between
5 year
Lavinson’s “Seasons of a man’s life”
- Pre-adulthood: up to age 22
- Early: 17-45 years
- Middle: 40-65 years
- Late adulthood: 60 to ???
decisions, considerate of others, financially Independent
Accepting responsibility, make independent decisions
criteria of adulthood
Hayflick limit theory:
limit to the number of cell replications in life of human cell (50), after which is followed by senescence and death
Children with Progeria (premature aging) show lower ______
Hayflick limits
is a rare, fatal genetic condition characterized by an appearance of accelerated aging in children
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (“Progeria”, or “HGPS”)
Programmed Cell Death:
Apoptosis
Apoptosis can also occur in response to DNA that is
damaged and cannot be repaire
Randomly occurring events related to the environment that cause insult to the body are called
sochastic changes
Selective Optimization with Compensation
- A model of successful aging
- Reallocating of resources for best outcome
○ Arthur Rubenstein
