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PT Across the LIFESPAN > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

definition of obesity

A

BMI of 30 or higher

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2
Q

overweight BMI =

A

25 - 29.9

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3
Q

Morbid obesity BMI =

A

40 or higher

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4
Q

underweight BMI =

A

bellow 18.5

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5
Q

WHO: obesity epidemic in US mainly due to

A

overeating & physical inactivity

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6
Q

Obesity is influenced by wich factors?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Metabolic
  3. Behavioral/social/cultural
  4. Environmental
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7
Q

List 4 adverse consequences of overweight and obeisty for adults:

A
  • HTN
  • Dyslipidemia (high LDL, low HDL)
  • Type II diabetes
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Stroke
  • OA
  • Sleep apnea
  • Depression
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8
Q

Metabolic syndrome AKA

A
  • Syndrome X
  • Obesity syndrome
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9
Q

Metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria

A
  1. Waist circumference:
    • Men > 40 in
    • Women > 35 in
  2. Elevate triglycerides
  3. Reduced HDL cholesterol
  4. Elevated blood pressure
  5. Elevated fasting glucose
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10
Q

True or false: waist circumference has a stronger correlation to health risks associated with metabolic syndrome than either BMI or % body fat

A

true

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11
Q

which are the primary risks factors for metabolic syndrome?

A

Central obesity and insulin resistance

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12
Q

Clinical manifestations of obesity:

A
  • Fatigue during simple activities
  • Joint pain, specially in legs and back
  • Fustrations, depression, etc.
  • Activity limitations?
  • Participation restrictions?
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13
Q

Assessment of obesity

A
  • BMI
  • Waist circumference
  • % body fat:
    • Skinfold calipers
    • Bioelectrical impedance
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14
Q

Interventions for obesity

A
  • TEAM APPROACH
    • Nutriotionists
    • Physical activity
    • Behavior modification
    • Medication
    • Surgery
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15
Q

Common recommendation of weight loss goals:

A

10% of body weight at a rate of 1 to 2 lb per week

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16
Q

Benefits of physical activity

A
  • lower blood pressure
  • Raise HDL good cholesterol
  • reduce risk of diabetes
  • improves self esteem
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17
Q

duration recommendations for physical activity for children and adolescents:

A
  • children and adolesecents = 60 min each day
  • all children over 2 = 30 minutes (moderate) ea day
18
Q

duration recommendations for physical activity for older adults:

A
  • same as for adults
  • more conservative excercise prescriptions and progressions
  • be aware of meds
  • injury preventions
19
Q

prescription recommendation for obesity

A
  • MODE: aerobic, resistance, flexibility, balance
  • INTENSITY: start low and gradually increase
  • DURATION: start low and gradually increase
  • FREQUENCY: start low and gradually increase
20
Q

duration recommendations for physical activity for adults:

A
  • 2 1/2 moderate aeorobic per week + 2 or more days of strenght training
  • 1 1/4 of vigorous aerobic + 2 or more days of stenght training
  • OR and equivalent of mixed moderate/vigorous aerobic and 2 or more days of strenght training
21
Q

the most sucessfull exercise programs for individuals that are obese:

A
  • Frequent, moderate intensity, 60 min/day, interesting/fun
  • Promote long term compliance
  • Be aware of C/I and precautions related to common comorbidities (diabetes, HTN)
22
Q

other considerantions related to physical therapy intervention:

A
  • deconditioned state
  • mobilization of pt: Egress test
  • Equipment needed
  • Bariatric medicine
23
Q

obesity prevalence rate

A

17 %

12.7 mill

has double in the past 20 years

24
Q
A
25
Q

how is BMI different in children

A

age and sex specific

26
Q

BMI percentiles in children and adolescents

A
  • a child with a BMI in the 95 percentile and above is considered obese
  • 85-95 percentile = overweight and at risk of obesity
  • annual BMI calculation recommendended
27
Q

true or false: every hour of TV is associated with a 2% increase in obesity risk

A

true

28
Q

pre-schoolers spend an average of _____ hours a day watching TV

A

3-5 hours

29
Q

pre-schoolers spend ___% of their time in in vigrous activities

A

11%

and 60% in sedentary activities

30
Q

___% of children who are obese at age 6 are likely to remain obese in adulthood

A

50%

31
Q

___% of children who are obese at age 10 are likely to remain obese into adulthood

A

80%

32
Q

true or false. Children with obese parents are at a higher risk of becoming obese into adulthood

A

true

33
Q

Conditions associated with childhood obesity

A
  1. Prader - Willi syndrome
  2. Blount’s disease (abnormal formation of tibia)
  3. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (groth plate instability)
34
Q

nme a few consequences of childhood obesity

A
  • high BP and cholesterol, wich are risk factors fro CVD
  • risk for insulin resitance and type II diabetes
  • bretahing problems
  • joint problems
  • social/psychological problems
35
Q

treatment of childhood obesity

A
  • nutritional interventions
  • exercise recommendations
  • medication
  • surgery
36
Q

recommendations during PT examination of childhood obesity:

A
  • do not rely on BMI, waist circumeference or skin-fold may be more reliable
  • asess psychological barriers
  • measure exercise endurance capacity (20 m shuttle test)
  • measure mm strenght
37
Q

interventions for childhood obesity

A
  • emphasize endurance exercise prescription
  • supervise strenght training (only in children >5 y/o)
  • maximize adherence to exercise with: fun, low to moderate, regular feedback, invloving parents and family
38
Q

recommendations for physical activity in children and adolescent

A
  • 60 min each day
  • all children 2 and older should participate in 30 min of mod intensity exercise daily
  • multiple smaller periods like 3 x 10 minutes are acceptable alternatives
39
Q

good exercises for children under 8

A
  • zoo or park
  • play ball in backyard
  • walk the doog
  • walking before dinner
  • dancing, gymnastics
40
Q

strenght training for children?

A

if they are 8 or older using 1 to 10 lb weights

teenagers should not power lift

41
Q

parents should encourage their children to…

A
  • climb stairs instead of using elevators
  • play active games at recess or after school
  • walk while talking to a friend
  • join youth organization
  • joint a camp summer
  • join a team school

PT Across the LIFESPAN (13 decks)

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