Obesity Flashcards
definition of obesity
BMI of 30 or higher
overweight BMI =
25 - 29.9
Morbid obesity BMI =
40 or higher
underweight BMI =
bellow 18.5
WHO: obesity epidemic in US mainly due to
overeating & physical inactivity
Obesity is influenced by wich factors?
- Genetics
- Metabolic
- Behavioral/social/cultural
- Environmental
List 4 adverse consequences of overweight and obeisty for adults:
- HTN
- Dyslipidemia (high LDL, low HDL)
- Type II diabetes
- Coronary artery disease
- Stroke
- OA
- Sleep apnea
- Depression
Metabolic syndrome AKA
- Syndrome X
- Obesity syndrome
Metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria
- Waist circumference:
- Men > 40 in
- Women > 35 in
- Elevate triglycerides
- Reduced HDL cholesterol
- Elevated blood pressure
- Elevated fasting glucose
True or false: waist circumference has a stronger correlation to health risks associated with metabolic syndrome than either BMI or % body fat
true
which are the primary risks factors for metabolic syndrome?
Central obesity and insulin resistance
Clinical manifestations of obesity:
- Fatigue during simple activities
- Joint pain, specially in legs and back
- Fustrations, depression, etc.
- Activity limitations?
- Participation restrictions?
Assessment of obesity
- BMI
- Waist circumference
- % body fat:
- Skinfold calipers
- Bioelectrical impedance
Interventions for obesity
- TEAM APPROACH
- Nutriotionists
- Physical activity
- Behavior modification
- Medication
- Surgery
Common recommendation of weight loss goals:
10% of body weight at a rate of 1 to 2 lb per week
Benefits of physical activity
- lower blood pressure
- Raise HDL good cholesterol
- reduce risk of diabetes
- improves self esteem
duration recommendations for physical activity for children and adolescents:
- children and adolesecents = 60 min each day
- all children over 2 = 30 minutes (moderate) ea day
duration recommendations for physical activity for older adults:
- same as for adults
- more conservative excercise prescriptions and progressions
- be aware of meds
- injury preventions
prescription recommendation for obesity
- MODE: aerobic, resistance, flexibility, balance
- INTENSITY: start low and gradually increase
- DURATION: start low and gradually increase
- FREQUENCY: start low and gradually increase
duration recommendations for physical activity for adults:
- 2 1/2 moderate aeorobic per week + 2 or more days of strenght training
- 1 1/4 of vigorous aerobic + 2 or more days of stenght training
- OR and equivalent of mixed moderate/vigorous aerobic and 2 or more days of strenght training
the most sucessfull exercise programs for individuals that are obese:
- Frequent, moderate intensity, 60 min/day, interesting/fun
- Promote long term compliance
- Be aware of C/I and precautions related to common comorbidities (diabetes, HTN)
other considerantions related to physical therapy intervention:
- deconditioned state
- mobilization of pt: Egress test
- Equipment needed
- Bariatric medicine
obesity prevalence rate
17 %
12.7 mill
has double in the past 20 years
how is BMI different in children
age and sex specific
BMI percentiles in children and adolescents
- a child with a BMI in the 95 percentile and above is considered obese
- 85-95 percentile = overweight and at risk of obesity
- annual BMI calculation recommendended
true or false: every hour of TV is associated with a 2% increase in obesity risk
true
pre-schoolers spend an average of _____ hours a day watching TV
3-5 hours
pre-schoolers spend ___% of their time in in vigrous activities
11%
and 60% in sedentary activities
___% of children who are obese at age 6 are likely to remain obese in adulthood
50%
___% of children who are obese at age 10 are likely to remain obese into adulthood
80%
true or false. Children with obese parents are at a higher risk of becoming obese into adulthood
true
Conditions associated with childhood obesity
- Prader - Willi syndrome
- Blount’s disease (abnormal formation of tibia)
- Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (groth plate instability)
nme a few consequences of childhood obesity
- high BP and cholesterol, wich are risk factors fro CVD
- risk for insulin resitance and type II diabetes
- bretahing problems
- joint problems
- social/psychological problems
treatment of childhood obesity
- nutritional interventions
- exercise recommendations
- medication
- surgery
recommendations during PT examination of childhood obesity:
- do not rely on BMI, waist circumeference or skin-fold may be more reliable
- asess psychological barriers
- measure exercise endurance capacity (20 m shuttle test)
- measure mm strenght
interventions for childhood obesity
- emphasize endurance exercise prescription
- supervise strenght training (only in children >5 y/o)
- maximize adherence to exercise with: fun, low to moderate, regular feedback, invloving parents and family
recommendations for physical activity in children and adolescent
- 60 min each day
- all children 2 and older should participate in 30 min of mod intensity exercise daily
- multiple smaller periods like 3 x 10 minutes are acceptable alternatives
good exercises for children under 8
- zoo or park
- play ball in backyard
- walk the doog
- walking before dinner
- dancing, gymnastics
strenght training for children?
if they are 8 or older using 1 to 10 lb weights
teenagers should not power lift
parents should encourage their children to…
- climb stairs instead of using elevators
- play active games at recess or after school
- walk while talking to a friend
- join youth organization
- joint a camp summer
- join a team school
