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PT Across the LIFESPAN > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

definition of obesity

A

BMI of 30 or higher

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2
Q

overweight BMI =

A

25 - 29.9

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3
Q

Morbid obesity BMI =

A

40 or higher

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4
Q

underweight BMI =

A

bellow 18.5

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5
Q

WHO: obesity epidemic in US mainly due to

A

overeating & physical inactivity

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6
Q

Obesity is influenced by wich factors?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Metabolic
  3. Behavioral/social/cultural
  4. Environmental
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7
Q

List 4 adverse consequences of overweight and obeisty for adults:

A
  • HTN
  • Dyslipidemia (high LDL, low HDL)
  • Type II diabetes
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Stroke
  • OA
  • Sleep apnea
  • Depression
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8
Q

Metabolic syndrome AKA

A
  • Syndrome X
  • Obesity syndrome
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9
Q

Metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria

A
  1. Waist circumference:
    • Men > 40 in
    • Women > 35 in
  2. Elevate triglycerides
  3. Reduced HDL cholesterol
  4. Elevated blood pressure
  5. Elevated fasting glucose
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10
Q

True or false: waist circumference has a stronger correlation to health risks associated with metabolic syndrome than either BMI or % body fat

A

true

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11
Q

which are the primary risks factors for metabolic syndrome?

A

Central obesity and insulin resistance

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12
Q

Clinical manifestations of obesity:

A
  • Fatigue during simple activities
  • Joint pain, specially in legs and back
  • Fustrations, depression, etc.
  • Activity limitations?
  • Participation restrictions?
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13
Q

Assessment of obesity

A
  • BMI
  • Waist circumference
  • % body fat:
    • Skinfold calipers
    • Bioelectrical impedance
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14
Q

Interventions for obesity

A
  • TEAM APPROACH
    • Nutriotionists
    • Physical activity
    • Behavior modification
    • Medication
    • Surgery
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15
Q

Common recommendation of weight loss goals:

A

10% of body weight at a rate of 1 to 2 lb per week

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16
Q

Benefits of physical activity

A
  • lower blood pressure
  • Raise HDL good cholesterol
  • reduce risk of diabetes
  • improves self esteem
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17
Q

duration recommendations for physical activity for children and adolescents:

A
  • children and adolesecents = 60 min each day
  • all children over 2 = 30 minutes (moderate) ea day
18
Q

duration recommendations for physical activity for older adults:

A
  • same as for adults
  • more conservative excercise prescriptions and progressions
  • be aware of meds
  • injury preventions
19
Q

prescription recommendation for obesity

A
  • MODE: aerobic, resistance, flexibility, balance
  • INTENSITY: start low and gradually increase
  • DURATION: start low and gradually increase
  • FREQUENCY: start low and gradually increase
20
Q

duration recommendations for physical activity for adults:

A
  • 2 1/2 moderate aeorobic per week + 2 or more days of strenght training
  • 1 1/4 of vigorous aerobic + 2 or more days of stenght training
  • OR and equivalent of mixed moderate/vigorous aerobic and 2 or more days of strenght training
21
Q

the most sucessfull exercise programs for individuals that are obese:

A
  • Frequent, moderate intensity, 60 min/day, interesting/fun
  • Promote long term compliance
  • Be aware of C/I and precautions related to common comorbidities (diabetes, HTN)
22
Q

other considerantions related to physical therapy intervention:

A
  • deconditioned state
  • mobilization of pt: Egress test
  • Equipment needed
  • Bariatric medicine
23
Q

obesity prevalence rate

A

17 %

12.7 mill

has double in the past 20 years

25
how is BMI different in children
age and sex specific
26
BMI percentiles in children and adolescents
* a child with a BMI in the 95 percentile and above is considered **obese** * 85-95 percentile = overweight and at risk of obesity * annual BMI calculation recommendended
27
true or false: every hour of TV is associated with a 2% increase in obesity risk
true
28
pre-schoolers spend an average of _____ hours a day watching TV
3-5 hours
29
pre-schoolers spend \_\_\_% of their time in in vigrous activities
11% and 60% in sedentary activities
30
\_\_\_% of children who are obese at age 6 are likely to remain obese in adulthood
50%
31
\_\_\_% of children who are obese at age 10 are likely to remain obese into adulthood
80%
32
true or false. Children with obese parents are at a higher risk of becoming obese into adulthood
true
33
Conditions associated with childhood obesity
1. Prader - Willi syndrome 2. Blount's disease (abnormal formation of tibia) 3. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (groth plate instability)
34
nme a few consequences of childhood obesity
* high BP and cholesterol, wich are risk factors fro CVD * risk for insulin resitance and type II diabetes * bretahing problems * joint problems * social/psychological problems
35
treatment of childhood obesity
* nutritional interventions * exercise recommendations * medication * surgery
36
recommendations during PT examination of childhood obesity:
* do not rely on BMI, waist circumeference or skin-fold may be more reliable * asess psychological barriers * measure exercise endurance capacity (20 m shuttle test) * measure mm strenght
37
interventions for childhood obesity
* emphasize endurance exercise prescription * supervise strenght training (only in children \>5 y/o) * maximize adherence to exercise with: fun, low to moderate, regular feedback, invloving parents and family
38
recommendations for physical activity in children and adolescent
* 60 min each day * all children 2 and older should participate in 30 min of mod intensity exercise daily * multiple smaller periods like 3 x 10 minutes are acceptable alternatives
39
good exercises for children under 8
* zoo or park * play ball in backyard * walk the doog * walking before dinner * dancing, gymnastics
40
strenght training for children?
if they are 8 or older using 1 to 10 lb weights teenagers should not power lift
41
parents should encourage their children to...
* climb stairs instead of using elevators * play active games at recess or after school * walk while talking to a friend * join youth organization * joint a camp summer * join a team school

PT Across the LIFESPAN (13 decks)

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