Regulators Of GI Function Flashcards
Vagus nerve innervates from ______ down to ___-______ ______ (all that is supplied by _____ and _____)
Vagus nerve innervates from ESOPHAGUS down to MID-TRANSVERSE COLON (all that is supplied by CELIAC and SMA)
PSNS:
In preganglionic: Ach acts on _____ Ach receptors of __ type. This is a ____-gated __ channel.
-synapses with _____ ____ ______
In post-ganglionic, ach acts on ________ Ach receptors, which are ____-____ coupled.
PSNS afferent carry non-_____ signals to CNS
PSNS:
In preganglionic: Ach acts on NICOTINIC Ach receptors of N2 type. This is a LIGAND-gated ION channel.
-synapses with ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
In post-ganglionic, ach acts on MUSCARINIC Ach receptors, which are G-PROTEIN coupled.
PSNS afferent carry non-NOCICEPTIVE signals to CNS
Ach affects on GI function:
- increases ______, ____ _____, pancreatic ______ secretions
- increases _____ _____ tone
Ach affects on GI function:
- increases SALIVARY, GASTRIC ACID, pancreatic ACINAR secretions
- increases SMOOTH MUSCLE tone
D2 receptor in cholinergic motor neuron blocks ____ release, but ________ is a compeitive inhibitor of this receptor, which will allow for _______.
_______ is also a ______ agent by blocking __________
D2 receptor in cholinergic motor neuron blocks ACH release, but METOCLOPRAMIDE is a compeitive inhibitor of this receptor, which will allow for MOTILITY.
NEOSTIGMINE is also a PROMOTILITY agent by blocking AChE
Vago-vagal reflex:
- _____ is sensed by __________
- information is carried to ____ _____ complex, which sends efferents that result in ______, ______, and _____ Secretion.
The ENS is also stimulated by ______
Vago-vagal reflex:
- DISTENTION is sensed by MECHANORECEPTOR
- information is carried to DORSAL VAGAL complex, which sends efferents that result in HCL, PEPSINOGEN, and GASTRIN Secretion.
The ENS is also stimulated by DISTENTION
SNS:
- all preganglionics release ____ (same mech as pregang PSNS)
- most post-ganglionics release NE, which acts on ___
- in ____ ____, post-sympathetics release ____
Postganglionic fibers synapse on ______ ____ ____.
Sympathetic afferents carry ______ signals to CNS.
SNS:
- all preganglionics release ACH (same mech as pregang PSNS)
- most post-ganglionics release NE, which acts on GPCRs
- in SWEAT GLANDS, post-sympathetics release ACH
Postganglionic fibers synapse on ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Sympathetic afferents carry NOCICEPTIVE signals to CNS.
Visceral pain arises from:
_____, over_____, mesenteric _____, visceral muscle _____, _____, ________
Visceral pain does not ______
Visceral pain arises from:
TENSION, overDISTENTION, mesenteric TRACTION, visceral muscle SPASM, ISCHEMIA, INFLAMMATION
Visceral pain does not LATERALIZE
ENS:
- Submucosal plexus is found in ____ and ____ ______.
- Myenteric plexus is found from _____ to _____.
ENS:
- Submucosal plexus is found in SMALL and LARGE INTESTINE.
- Myenteric plexus is found from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
In ENS, distention causes:
- _____ Secretion which does not require ______
- ______ which does require ______
In ENS, distention causes:
- MUCUS Secretion which does not require INTERNEURON
- MOTILITY which does require INTERNEURON
Non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic (NANC) neurons of ENS release ______, which relaxes ____ _____, promotes _____ _____ (fluid and _____ secretion from ____ ___ _cells), and also causes _________.
Non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic (NANC) neurons of ENS release VIP, which relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, promotes EPITHELIAL SECRETION (fluid and BICARB secretion from BILE DUCT cells), and also causes VASODILATION.
Achalasia occur when there is high resting _____ pressure with failure to relax. Results in absence of _____. The body of the ____ dilates.
Normally, _____ activates reflex that activates _____neurons to override high ____ tone and allow for _____ pattern of relaxation and contraction.
Loss of such _____ neurons results in high _____ tone.
Achalasia occur when there is high resting LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER pressure with failure to relax. Results in absence of PERISTALSIS. The body of the ESOPHAGUS dilates.
Normally, SWALLOWING activates reflex that activates INHIBITORY neurons to override high LES tone and allow for ALTERNATING pattern of relaxation and contraction.
Loss of such INHIBITORY neurons results in high LES tone.
VIP-omas are neuroendocrine tumors located in _____.
What is result?
-
Gastrin-releasing peptide (_____) is located in ___ nerve terminals, and is the most potent stimulator of _____ release. It stimulates ___ release as well.
Gastrin-releasing peptide (BOMBESIN/G-RP) is located in ENS nerve terminals, and is the most potent stimulator of GASTRIN release. It stimulates CCK release as well.
G-RP is an example of NANC NT.
Enteroendocrine cells do not come from ____ ____. They are widespread in _____ lining and ____.
Open cells have _____ that sense intestinal luminal information.
Closed cells are more on _____ side.
These cells do not exist in ______. Found at bottom of ____.
___ _______ has he highest [] of enteroendocrine cells.
Enteroendocrine cells do not come from NEURAL CREST. They are widespread in MUCOSAL lining and GLANDS.
Open cells have MICROVILLI that sense intestinal luminal information.
Closed cells are more on BASOLATERAL side.
These cells do not exist in CLUSTERS. Found at bottom of CRYPT.
SMALL INTESTINE has he highest [] of enteroendocrine cells.
Glucagon, _____, and _____ are created as a poly-protein precursor.
Gastrin and CCK have same _____ 5 peptides.
Secretin is closely related to ____, ____, and ___.
Glucagon, GLP-1, and GLP-2 are created as a poly-protein precursor.
Gastrin and CCK have same TERMINAL 5 peptides.
Secretin is closely related to VIP, GIP, and GLUCAGON.
