regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and carbohydrate oxidation

Question 1

covalent regulation of Phos turn on

Answer 1

epinephrine and Ca2+ results in Phos a phosphorylated

Question 2

covalent regulation of Phos turn off

Answer 2

H+
Phos b dephosphorylated

Question 3

allosteric regulation of PFK

Answer 3

AMP, ADP and Pi increasing activity

H+ and citrate decreasing activity

Question 4

end product of glycolysis

Answer 4

pyruvate

Question 5

what is the fate of pyruvate

Answer 5

1. to form lactate via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
2. form acetyl-CoA via Pyruvate dehydrogenas (PDH)

Question 5

formation of ACetyl CoA from CHO

Answer 5

pyruvate + NAD+ (PDH or (PDC)= Acetyl CoA + CO2 +NADH

Question 5

regulation of PDH

Answer 5

PDH is inactive when phosphorylated (PDHb)
- PDH kinase (PDK)
- PDH is active when dephosphorylated (PDHa)
- PDH phosphatase (PDP)

Question 6

what does metabolic factors allosterically modulate

Answer 6

PDK and PDP to determine the relative amount of PDHb and PDH a and therefore flux through PDH reaction

Question 7

what type of enzyme regulation do you see?

Answer 7

activators of PDH CA2+ and pyruvate
inhibitor of PDH are acetyl- CoA and NADH

Question 8

where does Acetyl CoA go?

Answer 8

to the TCA/ Kreb

Question 8

where does NADh go

Answer 8

electron transport chain

Question 9

what is a common enzyme use to measure mitochondrial content

Answer 9

citrate synapse

Question 10

kreb cycle key points

Answer 10

acetyl Coa (2-c) combines with 4 carbon oxloacetate thought the enzyme citrate to produce citrate 6 carbon

Question 11

what are produces from the kreb cycle

Answer 11

2 CO2
3 NADH
1 FADH
1 ATP

Question 12

what is the goal of the kreb cycle

Answer 12

reduced electron carriers

Question 13

what regulates the kreb cycle

Answer 13

1. Ca2 activates several kreb cycle enzymes via allosteric activation to turn on
2. availability of oxloacetate may influence entery of Acetyl- Coa whether TCA cycle intermediates influence TCA activity is debated

Question 14

ETC

Answer 14

loss of reduction

Question 15

where does the ETC occur

Answer 15

inner mitochondrial membrane