bioenergetic ans enzymes

Question 1

energy

Answer 1

the ability to produce change ( to do work)

Question 2

bioenergetics

Answer 2

study if energy transfer via chemical reactions in living tissues

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Question 4

what is the currency of the cell

Answer 4

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 5

what are the fuel source used to regenerate ATP in the body

Answer 5

1. PCr
2. Carbohydrate
3. Fats
4. Protein ( not very much)
5. ADP ( only occurs during High intensity exercise

Question 6

why dont we just store large about of ATP to

Answer 6

1. 1 kg of ATP consumed per hour at rest
2. The rate of ATP use increases 100 folds during exercise

Question 7

chemical reaction are …

Answer 7

catalysed

Question 8

enzymes in chemical reaction

Answer 8

enzyme increases the rate of chemical reactions
- do not cause a reaction
-do not alter free energy change
- lower activation energy

Question 9

near equilibrium enzyme

Answer 9

-regulated by [subrate] and [products]
-reversible reaction
increase [s] = shift forward
increase [p]= shift reverse

Question 10

non equilibrium enzyme

Answer 10

-regulated by factors other than [s] and [p]
- Allosteric and covalent modifications
-more important for metabolic regulation

Question 11

Km

Answer 11

Km = substrate concentration needed to produce one half Vmax of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
- Km inversely proportional to affinity of the enzyme for substrate
- Low Km = High affinity

Question 12

where is CK located in the muscle

Answer 12

CK is closely associated with
1.SERCA AtPase
2. NA/K ATPase
3. Mysosin ATPase
4. mitochondria

Question 13

Covalent modifications

Answer 13

reversible binding of a molecule to amino acid residues of enzyme convert inactive b form to active a form

Question 14

what is the most common covalent modification

Answer 14

phosphorylation

Question 15

Allosteric modification activators

Answer 15

CA
AMP

Question 16

allosteric modification inhibitors

Answer 16

• ATP

Question 17

what is a Allosteric modification

Answer 17

binding of a substance to allosteric site increase/decreases enzyme activity

Question 18

Allosteric effectors are often….

Answer 18

up- or
downstream products within a metabolic
pathway

Question 19

non equilibrium enzymes

Answer 19

• regulated by factors other than [S]
  on/off- allows for faster activation of a metabolic pathway

Question 20

non equilibrium enzymes 2 types

Answer 20

Allosteric and covalent modification

Question 21

what happens during high intensity exercise with AK

Answer 21

ADP+ADP = ATP+AMP

Question 22

How are near-equilibrium enzyme-
catalyzed reactions regulated?

Answer 22

Near-equilibrium enzymes are usually not rate-
limiting à function to passively “push”
molecules through a pathway

Question 23

how are near equilibrium reactions regulated

Answer 23

• substrate availability
• upstream reactions that affect [S]
  -downstream reactions that affect [P]
  -change in cellular location
• enzyme amount
• inhibitors

Question 24

energy transfer is the study of

Answer 24

thermodynamic

Question 25

what is metabolic bioenergetic

Answer 25

is the transfer of energy between glucose and pyruvate

Question 26

what does the bonds between phosphate produce

Answer 26

mechanical energy