Obesity Flashcards
obesity
condition of excess body weight. Clinical
definition is typically BMI ≥ 30 (kg/m2 )
Insulin sensitivity
response of peripheral tissue to a given concentration of insulin
Insulin resistance
decreased ability of insulin to adequatley signal to peripheral tissues
impaired glucose tolerance IGT
abnormally high increase in blood glucose after ingestion of carb
What 3 main tissues does insulin act on
AT liver and SKM
What are the metabolic effects of insulin in
each of these tissues?
draw it out
hyperglycaemia
f insulin cannot promote muscle (or adipose) glucose uptake + cannot turn off
liver glucose output = high blood glucose
IR
Hyperlipidemia
If insulin cannot turn off lipolysis = high blood fatty acids
IR
glucose homeostasis
draw it out slide 11
glucose control
ability to keep blood glucose levels within
normal healthy range over time
T2D
clinical condition characterized by
high blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in
insulin action (i.e., insulin resistance), insulin secretion, or
both
pre-diabetes
high-risk state for developing T2D, characterized
by insulin resistance that leads to glucose levels that are
above normal but not yet in the diabetes range
stage 1
beta cells are still working and producing insulin high insulin and high glucose levels
stage 2
beta cells or pancreas in failing decrease in insulin high glucose levels
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp
Infuse insulin at a constant/high rate to
achieve maximal physiological values
(insulin not limiting & “turn off” hepatic
glucose output)
* Infuse glucose at a variable rate to keep
blood glucose at ~5 mmol/L (i.e., normal
fasting levels)
– Requires frequent (every 5 minutes) blood
samples with rapid measurement of blood
glucose to adjust rate of infused glucose
* Greater rate of glucose infusion indicates
greater insulin sensitivity
– Tissues can take up more glucose with
insulin “clamped”
measuring IR
