Regulation of Gene Expression Flashcards
Housekeeping Genes
Proteins common to all cells of an animal
- structural proteins of chromosomes
- RNA polymerases
- DNA repair enzymes
- Enzymes involved in glycolysis and other basic metabolic processes
- cytoskeleton proteins
Examples of cell type specific proteins
- Hemoglobin (RBC)
- Immunoglobulin (B lymphocytes)
How many genes are expressed in one given cell?
10,000 to 20,000 of the 30,000 genes
Barr Body
- condensed form of one x-chromosome
- only occurs in females
Antibiotics work as inhibitors of transcription of prokaryotic cells, but not of eukaryotic. Why is this important?
By preventing transcription of the bacteria, the infection can be stopped. As it does not affect the the eukaryotic, the animal with the infection is not being harmed by their transcriptional processed also being inhibited.
What is the danger with anticancer drugs?
Very few, if any, only target the tumor cells, so the transcriptional processes of normal cells are affected as well
How does alternative splicing affect the final protein product?
The splicing creates variable segments within the mRNA, which then gets translated slightly different than each other.
diploid
2 sets of chromosomes; 1 copy of each gene on each chromosome
allele
variant form of a gene
What parts of gene expression can be regulated in the nucleus?
- transcription control
- RNA processing control
What parts of gene expression can be regulated in the cytoplasm?
- RNA transport control
- Translational control
- Protein activity control
ELISA
- Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay
- Quantitative
- Used in Clinics
T/F: A single gene regulatory protein can coordinate the expression of only one gene.
False.
One protein can control the expression of many different genes.
What can combination control do to cell types?
Can create different cell types
When does x-inactivation occur?
Before cells have been allocated to any particular development pathways
