Regions of the Brain Flashcards
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Broca’s Area
Forebrain - frontal lobe
- Language production
Broca’s Aphasia
- Halting speech
- Disordered and repeated words
- Good comprehension
Wernicke’s Area
Forebrain - parietal lobe
- Speech comprehension
Wernicke’s Aphasia
- Fluent speech
- Minimal repetition + adequate grammar
- Bad comprehension
What are the 3 regions of the brain?
1) Hindbrain
2) Midbrain
3) Forebrain
Medulla/Medulla Oblongata
Hindbrain
- Cue: “without it, me die”
- Coordinates heart rate, circulation, respiration
Reticular Formation
Hindbrain
- Sleep, wakefulness, levels of arousal
Cerebellum
Hindbrain
- Fine motor skills
Pons
Hindbrain
- Relays info from cerebellum to rest of brain – detailed function still unknown
Tectum
Midbrain
- Orients an organism in their environment
Tegmentum
Midbrain
- Movement and arousal, homeostatic and reflex pathways
Cerebral Cortex
Outermost layer of brain - divided into 2 hemispheres and 4 lobes
Gyri vs. Sulci
Gyri: The raised parts of the brain
Sulci: The indentations
What are commissures?
Bundles of axons that allow parallel parts of the brain to communicate with each other
Corpus Callosum
Forebrain - Cerebral Cortex
- Largest commissure
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?
1) Frontal lobe
2) Parietal lobe
3) Temporal lobe
4) Occipital lobe
Frontal Lobe
Forebrain - Cerebral Cortex
- Movement, abstract thinking, executive functioning, memory, judgement
- Contains Broca’s Area
Parietal Lobe
Forebrain - Cerebral Cortex
- Sensory input, visual processing, coordinating movement
- Contains somatosensory cortex
Temporal Lobe
Forebrain - Cerebral Cortex
- Hearing and language
- Contains Wernicke’s Area
Occipital Lobe
Forebrain - Cerebral Cortex
- Processes visual info
What major parts of the brain are part of the limbic system?
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Hippocampus
- Amygdala
- Basal Ganglia
Thalamus
Forebrain - Subcortical
- Filters info from all major senses except for smell & relays them to the cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
Forebrain - Subcortical
- Homeostasis, blood sugar/metabolism, hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior
Hippocampus
Forebrain - Subcortical
- creates new memories and stores them long-term
Amygdala
Forebrain - Subcortical
- Attaches significance to previous events associated with fear, punishment, reward
- Tip of each horn of the hippocampus
Basal Ganglia
Forebrain - Subcortical
- Cue: “Turn up the base”
- Intentional movement & reward processing
Pituitary Gland
Forebrain - Subcortical
- “master gland” of endocrine system; releases hormones that direct the function of many other glands in the body
- Hypothalamus sends hormonal signals to pituitary
