Regions & Cavities II Flashcards
Nose includes:
- External nose
- Nasal cavity
Fxns of the nose:
- Olfaction
- Respiration
- Filtration
- Humidification of inspired air
- Elimination of secretions from paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts
External nose is mainly made of:
Cartilage
Extends from the nares anteriorly to the chonae posteriorly. Name the structure.
Nasal cavity
Nasal cavity is lined by:
Ciliated, mucus-secreting, highly vascularized mucosa.
Nasal cavity fxns:
- warms, cleans, and humidifies air
- olfaction
- tear drainage
- mucus production
Why does the nasal cavity produce mucus continuously?
to keep respiratory tract clean and moist
Roof of the nasal cavity is made of:
bone and cartilage
Lateral wall of the nasal cavity is made of these bones:
Maxilla Conchae Meatus Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone Medial pterygoid plate
What is the purpose of the conchae?
To create turbulence in the inspired air, which increases surface area and humidifies inhaled air.
The area below each concha in the nasal cavity is called:
meatus
Medial wall of the nasal cavity is made of these bones:
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
Vomer
Septal cartilage
Floor of the nasal cavity is made of these bones:
Palatine process of maxilla
Horizontal plate of palatine bone
What structure of the nose forms the roof of the mouth?
Floor of the nasal cavity
choanae are bounded by these bones:
- Anteriorly: horizontal plate of the palatine bone
- Superiorly: sphenoid bone
- Laterally: medial pterygoid plates
- Medially vomer
Name the paranasal sinuses:
- Frontal sinuses (2)
- Ethmoid sunis
- Sphenoid sinus
- Maxillary sinus (2)
Name the openings of the nasal cavity:
- Sphenoethmoidal recess
- Frontonasal duct
- Hiatus semilunaris
- Nasolacrimal duct
Drainage from sphenoid sinus into the nasal cavity is via:
sphenoethmoidal recess
sphenoethmoidal recess opens into _____ in the nasal cavity.
superior concha
This sinus opens into the nasal cavity via frontomasal duct:
Frontal sinus
Frontonasal duct opens into _____ in the nasal cavity.
Middle nasal meatus
Hiatus semilunaris is located in the _______ and is the drainage site for _____, _______, and ______.
Middle meatus
Frontal sinus
anterior ethmoidal cells
Maxillary sinus
How does the lacrimal sac drain into the nasal cavity?
Via nasolacrimal duct
Nasolacrimal duct opens into the _____ in the nasal cavity.
inferior masal meatus
_______ propel mucus through the choanae into the nasopharynx.
Beating cilia
What type of nerve fibers are found in the nasal cavity?
- GA (branches of V1 and V2)
- SA (CN I)
- VE (parasymp: pterygopalatine ganglion to mucosal glands)
- VE (symp: ICA for vasoconstriction)
V1 and V2 branches of trigeminal innervate the nasal cavity by which type of fibers?
GA
CN I found in the nasal cavity has ____ fibers.
SA
Which arteries anastomose in the nasal cavity:
Maxillary and facial from external carotid artery
+
Ophthalmic from internal carotid artery
Venous drainage of the nasal cavity is via:
- Facial vein
- Pterygoid venous plexus
Name the main 3 parts of the ear:
- External
- Middle
- Internal
The external ear contains:
- Auricle
- External acoustic meatus
- Auditory canal
- Tympanic membrane
The middle ear contains:
the ear ossicles.
____ and ____ ears are cavities within the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
Middle and internal
The internal ear contains:
- Motion sensors
- Balance
- Conversion of mechanical signals into electrical signals for hearing
This structure of the external ear collects sound.
Auricle
External acoustic meatus and canal fxn:
Conduct sound to the tympanic membrane
Moves in response to sound vibrations:
tympanic membrane
Name the external ear structure:
It is covered with thick skin externally and mucus membrane internally.
Tympanic membrane
External ear in innervated with which type of nerve fibers?
GA
Which CNs innervate the external ear?
- Auriculotemporal (V3)
- Auricular branch of CN IX & X
- GA branch of CN VII
Artery supply of the external ear is via:
Branches of ECA
Venous dranage of the external ear is via:
- External jugular vein
- Superficial temporal vein
- Pterygoid venous plexus
Middle ear is filled with ____ and lined with____.
air; mucosa
Middle ear is connected to nasopharynx via:
pharyngotympanic tube
What is the primary fxn of the middle ear?
Mechanical conduction of sound to fluid-filled inner ear.
Osseous chain in the middle ear contains:
Malleus (joined to tympanic membrane)
Incus
Stapes (sits in oval window)
Middle ear nerve fibers:
- GE
- GA
- VE
The GE fibers of the middle ear are:
- CN VII to stapedius
- V3 to tensor tympani
GA and VE fibers go through _____ in the middle ear.
Tympanic plexus
Tympanic plexus receives GA and VE via:
Sympathetic ICA plexus
Tympanic nerve from CN IX
Lesser petrosal nerve, a branch of tympanic plexus (CN IX) passes through _____ to ____ ganglion.
the middle ear; otic
Chorda tympani, a branch of CN VII passes through the middle ear to _____.
Submandibular ganglion
Pharyngotympanic tube connects _____ to ______.
middle ear; nasopharynx
This structure of the middle ear equalizes pressure.
Pharyngotympanic tube
“popping of eardrums”
Pharyngotympanic tube drains mucus from ____ and ______
Middle ear; mastoid air cells
Mastoid air cells are lined with ____ and filled with ____.
mucosa; air
Fxn of the mastoid air cells:
to lighten mastoid part of the temporal bone
Sound wave pathway starting the external ear:
external ear -> auditory canal -> vibrate tympanic membrane -> move handle and head of malleus -> move incus -> push stapes into oval window
Mechanical transmission of sound is done by two conductions:
- air conduction
bone conduction
Air conduction of sound wave pathway:
sound waves -> external ear -> ossicular chain -> cochlear duct
Bone conduction of sound wave is:
cochlear duct
This CN transmits mechanical sounds waves to brain waves.
CN VIII: vestibulocochlear nerve
