regional gross anatomy spot test 3 part 3

Question 1

what artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 1

the posterior tibial artery

Question 2

the posterior tibial artery is a terminal branch of which artery?

Answer 2

the popliteal artery

Question 3

where does the popliteal artery give its terminal branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries?

Answer 3

when it runs through the popliteal fossa at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle

Question 4

what is the large branch that comes off the popliteal artery in the posterior compartment?

Answer 4

the fibular artery

Question 5

which compartment is supplied by the fibular artery and how?

Answer 5

the lateral compartment

the fibular artery is in the posterior compartment but gives off perforating branches which supply the lateral compartment

Question 6

what are the terminal branches of the posterior tibial arteries and where are they found?

Answer 6

the medial and lateral plantar arteries on the sole of the foot

Question 7

what 2 structures does the tibial nerve pass between and what is seen here with it?

Answer 7

between the 2 heads of gastrocnemius

with the posterior tibial artery

Question 8

what nerve gives the majority of the cutaneous innervation to the posterior aspect of the leg?

Answer 8

the sural nerve

Question 9

which 2 nerves does the sural nerve get fibres from?

Answer 9

the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve

Question 10

what nerve supplies the medial part of the posterior aspect of the leg?

Answer 10

the saphenous nerve

Question 11

where does the saphemnous nerve arise from?

Answer 11

the femoral nerve

Question 12

what dermatome is the big toe?

Answer 12

L4

Question 13

what dermatome are the 3 middle toes?

Answer 13

L5

Question 14

what dermatome is the pinky toe?

Answer 14

S1

Question 15

what dermatome is the skin of the heel of the foot?

Answer 15

S2

Question 16

what type of joint is the tibiofibular joint?

Answer 16

a fibrous joint

Question 17

explain the ligaments found at the inferior tibiofibular joint

Answer 17

anterior tibiofibular ligament
posterior tibiofibular ligament
interosseous ligament w/in the joint

Question 18

what are the 3 structures that form the malleolar mortise?

Answer 18

the lateral malleolus
the medial malleolus
the inferior surface of the shaft of the tibia

Question 19

what does the malleolar mortise articulate w/?

Answer 19

an upward projection of the talus called the trochlea of the talus

Question 20

what type of joint is present between calcaneus and talus?

Answer 20

a synovial joint

Question 21

what type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 21

a hinge joint

Question 22

what 2 movements can be produced at the ankle joint?

Answer 22

dorsiflexion - pointing toes up
plantar flexion - pointing toes down

Question 23

what are the 3 lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle?

Answer 23

anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
calcenofibular

Question 24

what is the other name for the medial collateral ligament and why?

Answer 24

the deltoid ligament because there are 4 ligaments involved

Question 25

what are the 4 components of the medial collateral / deltoid ligament?

Answer 25

anterior tibiotalar posterior tibiotalar tibiocalcaneal tibionavicular

Question 26

what bone forms the heel of the foot?

Answer 26

calcaneus

Question 27

what are the 3 muscles found in the first layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 27

abductor hallicus flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi

Question 28

what are the 2 muscles found in the second layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 28

flexor digitorum longus flexor hallicus longus

Question 29

what are the 2 groups of muscles assoc w/ the tendon of flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 29

quadratus plantae 4 lumbrical muscles

Question 30

what are the 3 muscles found in the third layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 30

flexor hallicus brevis abductor hallicus flexor digiti minimi

Question 31

explain the arrangement of abductor hallicus?

Answer 31

there are 2 heads: - medial head - lateral head

Question 32

what is the muscle group found in the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 32

the interossei

Question 33

how many plantar interossei are there and what is their function?

Answer 33

3 plantar interossei function: adduct (remember PAD)

Question 34

how many dorsal interossei are there and what is their function?

Answer 34

4 dorsal interossei function: abduct (remember DAB)

Question 35

what toe is the axial digit for the foot?

Answer 35

the second toe

Question 36

describe the innervation of the sole of the foot?

Answer 36

innervated by the medial and lateral plantar nerves which are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve

Question 37

which 4 muscles are supplied by the medial plantar nerve?

Answer 37

abductor hallicus flexor digitorum longus 1st lumbrical flexor hallicus brevis

Question 38

what are the nerve roots that supply all muscles in the foot?

Answer 38

S2, 3

Question 39

what area of the foot does the medial plantar nerve supply?

Answer 39

plantar surface of the medial 3 and a half toes and the area of the sole of the foot that is assoc w/ those toes

Question 40

what area of the foot does the lateral plantar nerve supply?

Answer 40

plantar surface of the skin of the lateral half of the 4th toe and the 5th toe and the lateral border of the sole of the foot

Question 41

what supplies the skin over the heel of the foot?

Answer 41

calcaneal branches that arise from the tibial nerve

Question 42

what area of the foot is supplied by the saphenous nerve?

Answer 42

a small area on the medial aspect of the plantar surface of the foot

Question 43

what are of the foot is supplied by the dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve of the foot?

Answer 43

a small area on the lateral aspect of the plantar surface of the foot

Question 44

where does the dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve of the foot arise from?

Answer 44

it is a terminal branch of the sural nerve

Question 45

what nerve supplies most of the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 45

the superficial peroneal nerve

Question 46

what area of the dorsum of the foot is supplied by the dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve of the foot?

Answer 46

a small area on the lateral border

Question 47

what area of the foot is supplied by the deep peroneal nerve?

Answer 47

the first web space

Question 48

where is the subtalar joint?

Answer 48

between the talus and the calcaneus

Question 49

which 2 joints make up the transverse (mid) tarsal joint?

Answer 49

talonavicualr joint and the calcaenocuboid joint

Question 50

what type of joint is the mid tarsal joint?

Answer 50

a compound joint

Question 51

what are the 3 ligaments on the plantar surface of the foot?

Answer 51

long plantar short plantar spring ligament