Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMSc anatomy > regional gross anatomy spot test 3 part 2 > Flashcards

regional gross anatomy spot test 3 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 terminal branches of the popliteal artery?

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 5 genicualr branches of the popliteal artery?

A

middle genicualr - pierces the joint capsule to supply the cruciate ligaments of the knee

medial and lateral superior genicular arteries

medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do the genicular arteries other than the medial genicualr artery form?

A

an anastamosis around the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

explain the. course of the quadriceps tendon

A

it blends w/ the patella and then continues below the knee as the patellar tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the relationship of the tendon of biceps femoris w/ the knee?

A

the tend of biceps femoris comes around the lateral side of the knee as it heads down towards its distal attachment on the head of the fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what 4 muscle tendons are on the medial side of the knee?

A

sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus
semimembranosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of joint its the knee?

A

a modified hinge joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 3 distinct articulations of the knee?

A

single articulation between the patella and and the femur (femoropatellar)

two separate articulations between the femur and the tibia (via the medial and lateral condyles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

does the fibula articulate at the knee joint?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 3 articular surfaces on the femur?

A

patellar surface - anteriorly

lateral condyle

medial condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 2 articular surfaces on the tibia?

A

lateral condyle

medial condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the articular surfaces on the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia separated by?

A

a non articular ridge in the centre called the intercondylar eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is the articular surface on the patella divided?

A

into larger lateral facet and smaller medial facet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

explain the relationship of the patella and the quadriceps tendon

A

the patella is enclosed w/in the quadriceps tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the knee capsule fuse w/ superiorly?

A

the quadriceps tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the knee capsule fuse w/ inferiorly?

A

the patellar ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the alar folds?

A

indentations deep to the patellar ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what I the function of bursae in the knee?

A

helps lubricate movement of the many tends across the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how are the ligaments of the knee divided?

A

into intra capsular and extra capsular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 4 extracapsular ligaments of the knee?

A

oblique popliteal ligament
arcuate popliteal ligament
medial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are het 2 intracapsular ligaments of the knee?

A

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which extracapsular ligament forms as an expansion of hte semimembranous tendon?

A

oblique popliteal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which extracapsular ligament forms as a thickening of the capsule as it is pierced by popliteal muscle?

A

arcuate ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what movements do the collateral ligaments help to prevent?

A

abduction and adduction (side to side movements)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how do the medial and lateral collateral ligaments differ visually?

A

medial collateral - broad flat ligament

lateral collateral - more rope like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the unique feature of the circulate ligaments?

A

part of them are taught in every position of the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the function of the cruciate ligaments?

A

help hold the tibial and the femur together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what movement is limited as the cruciate ligaments wind around each other?

A

medial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what does the ACL prevent?

A

hyperextension at the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what does the PCL prevent?

A

the femur sliding off the tibia esp when the knee is flexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are the 2 bands of the ACL?

A

anteromedial band
posterolaterla band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what does the anteromeidal band of the ACL help limit?

A

flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what does the posterolateral band of the ACL help limit?

A

extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

where are the medial and lateral menisci assoc w/?

A

medial meniscus - assoc w/ the medial condyle of the tibia

lateral meniscus - assoc w/ the lateral condyle of the tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are the menisci made of?

A

fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what shape are the menisci?

A

wedge shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is the function of the menisci?

A

help w/ shock absorption

help deepen the articular surface on the tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what shape is the medial meniscus?

A

c shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is the unhappy triad?

A

tibial collateral ligament
medial meniscus
ACL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is the area of attachment for the tibial collateral ligament?

A

the medial meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what muscle allows the mobility of the lateral meniscus and why?

A

popliteus muscle because there are some fibres that attach on the lateral meniscus and so when popliteus contracts, it moves the lateral meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

which vessels contribute to the periarticular genicualr anastomosis?

A

the medial and lateral superior genicualr arteries
the medial and lateral inferior genicualr arteries
descending genicualr artery from the femoral artery
descending branch from the lateral circumflex femoral artery
branches from the anterior tibial recurrent artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is the organisation of the bone of the leg?

A

larger tibia located more medially and smaller fibula located more laterally and slightly posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what binds the tibia and fibula together?

A

the interoesseous membrane (tough connective tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what is the deep layer of fascia in the leg?

A

the crural fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what forms the divisions of the leg that divides it into its compartments?

A

intermuscualr septae that extend down from the crural fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A

anterior compartment
lateral compartment
posterior compartment

48
Q

what movement of the fibula does the interosseous membrane help to prevent?

A

helps to prevent downward dislocation of the fibula

49
Q

what are the 2 joints between the tibia and the fibula?

A

the superior and inferior tibiofibular joints

50
Q

describe the superior tibiofibular joint

A

the superior tibiofibular joint is a synovial plane joint between the head of he fibula and the inferior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia

51
Q

what is the function of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

extension of the ankle joint

52
Q

what does extension of the ankle joint refer to?

A

dorsiflexion - pointing the toes up

53
Q

what nerve supplies all muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

the deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5)

54
Q

where does the deep peroneal nerve arise from?

A

the common peroneal nerve

55
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
peroneus tertius
extensor hallicus longus

56
Q

in addition to dorsiflexion, what other movement can tibias anterior produce?

A

inversion of the foot

57
Q

where does the tendon of peroneus tertius go?

A

to the dorsum of the 5th metatarsal

58
Q

what are the extensor retinacula?

A

thickenings of the fascia which help hold the tendons in place

59
Q

what are the 2 extensor retinacula?

A

superior extensor retinaculum
inferior extensor retinaculum

60
Q

where does the superior extensor retinaculum run from / to?

A

from the anterior border of the tibia to the lower end of the fibula

61
Q

explain the structure of the inferior extensor retinaculum

A

y shaped structure

stem attaches to the lateral side of calcaneus and then splits into 2 bands:

  • upper band extends to the medial malleolus
  • lower band wraps around the medial border of the foot and then blends w/ the dense fascia over abductor hallicus
62
Q

how many muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg

A

2

63
Q

what movement do the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg produce

A

eversion of the foot

64
Q

how do lateral compartment muscles produce eversion

A

they pass posterior to the lateral malleolus and the tendons enter the foot to produce eversion

65
Q

what are the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment?

A

peroneus longus
peroneus brevis

66
Q

what is the nerve to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

the superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

67
Q

where does the superficial peroneal nerve arise from?

A

it is the terminal branch of the common peroneal nerve which is a terminal branch of the sciatic nerve

68
Q

where does peroneus brevis lie in relation to peroneus longus?

A

deep to peroneus longus

69
Q

what is the peroneal trochlea of calcaneus?

A

a ridge that separates peroneus longus from peroneus brevis tendons as they both run over calcaneus

70
Q

what are the 2 muscles of the dorsum of the foot?

A

extensor hallicus brevis
extensor digitorum brevis

71
Q

what is the innervation of the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?

A

L5, S1

72
Q

what are the nerve roots of the tibial nerve?

A

L4-S3

73
Q

what are he nerve roots for the common peroneal nerve?

A

L4-S2

74
Q

what are the terminal branches of the common peroneal nerve?

A

the superficial peroneal nerve
the deep peroneal nerve

75
Q

what is the function of the superficial peroneal nerve?

A

innervates peroneus longus and brevis then continues as a cutaneous nerve which supplies much of the skin of hte dorsum of the foot and the anterolateral aspect of the leg

76
Q

what is the function of the deep peroneal nerve?

A

supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment then supplies the 2 muscles of the dorsum of the foot then ends as a cutaneous branch which supplies the first web space

77
Q

what is the innervation of the first web space?

A

terminal cutaneous branch of the deep personal branch of the common peroneal nerve

78
Q

how does the deep peroneal nerve enter the anterior compartment?

A

by piercing through the extensor digitorum longus muscle

79
Q

what nerve supplies the majority of the anterior skin of the leg?

A

the saphenous nerve

80
Q

where does the saphenous nerve arise from?

A

the femoral nerve

81
Q

what nerve supplies the most lateral part of the anterior skin of the leg?

A

the lateral sural cutaneous nerve

82
Q

what is cutaneous innervation of the distal part of the leg and dorsum of the foot?

A

the superficial perineal nerve

83
Q

what nerve innervates the lateral side of the foot?

A

the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve

84
Q

what does the sural nerve terminate as?

A

the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve

85
Q

what are the terminal branches of the popliteal artery?

A

the anterior tibial artery
the posterior tibial artery

86
Q

explain the course of the anterior tibial artery

A

it pierces through the interosseous membrane to enter the anterior compartment

it then descends on the interosseous membrane and crosses the ankle joint to enter the dorsum of the foot

86
Q

explain the course of the anterior tibial artery

A

it pierces through the interosseous membrane to enter the anterior compartment

it then descends on the interosseous membrane and crosses the ankle joint to enter the dorsum of the foot

87
Q

explain the course of the posterior tibial artery

A

supplies the posterior compartment

then gives the fibular artery which then gives off perforating branches that will supply the muscles

88
Q

how is the lateral compartment supplied by the fibular artery?

A

the fibular artery is a branch of the posterior tibial artery

it is not located in the lateral compartment but gives off perforating branches that will supply the lateral compartment

89
Q

which artery continues on the dorsum of the foot?

A

the anterior tibial artery

90
Q

as the anterior tibial artery crosses the ankle joint what does the name change to?

A

dorsalis pedis artery

91
Q

which branch of dorsals pedis anastomoses w/ arteries supplying the sole of the foot?

A

the deep plantar artery

92
Q

where will the dorsal venous arch of the foot empty into?

A

the great saphenous vein

93
Q

what is the soleal line?

A

the site of attachment for the soleus muscle found on the posterior aspect of the tibia

94
Q

which bone of the leg sits more medially and forms the medial malleolus?

A

the tibia

95
Q

which bone of the leg sits more laterally and forms the lateral malleolus?

A

the fibula

96
Q

what is the triangular area above the soleal line called?

A

the popliteal area

97
Q

what is the function of the popliteal area?

A

distal attachment for the popliteus muscle

98
Q

how many muscles are in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

7

3 superficial 4 deep

99
Q

where do all superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg insert?

A

tendocalcaneus

100
Q

where do the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg insert and what is the exception and why?

A

pass behind the medial malleolus to the plantar surface of he foot

except popliteus because it does not cross the ankle joint (only crosses the knee joint)

101
Q

what are the 3 superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

102
Q

explain the arrangement of gastrocnemius

A

there are 2 heads: medial and lateral head

attaches distally on tendocalcaneous

103
Q

what nerve innervates all muscles of the posterior compartment?

A

the tibial nerve (S1, S2)

104
Q

what are the 2 functions of gastrocnemius?

A

plantar flexion of the ankle joint (this is true flexion - refers to pointing the toes down)

flexion of the knee

105
Q

where can the muscle belly of plantaris be seen?

A

sticking up between the 2 heads of gastrocnemius on the lateral supracondylar line of the femur

106
Q

what is the key feature of plantaris?

A

muscle belly is small but there is a very long tendon that joins w/ tendocalcaneus

107
Q

which muscle of the posterior compartment of the leg is absent in about 10% of people?

A

plantaris

108
Q

what is the function of plantaris and what is the additional theoretical function?

A

assists w/ plantarflexion of the ankle

crosses the knee so technically could assist w/ flexion of the knee but so small and so it doesn’t

109
Q

where is the proximal attachment of soleus?

A

the soleal line on the posterior aspect of the tibia

110
Q

what is t he function of soleus?

A

plantar flexion of the ankle joint

111
Q

how does popliteus differ from all other posterior compartment muscles?

A

it does not cross the ankle joint and so does not have tendons that are going into the sole of the foot

112
Q

where are the proximal and distal attachments of popliteus?

A

proximal - lateral condyle of the femur (pit of popliteus)

distal - popliteal area of the posterior tibia (just above soleal line)

113
Q

what is the function of popliteus?

A

to unlock the knee

114
Q

wha is the innervation of popliteus?

A

tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

115
Q

where is the muscle belly of tibialis posterior located?

A

between flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallicus longus

116
Q

what is the arrangement of the tendons of the deep muscles of the leg at the medial malleolus from medial to lateral

A

tom - tibialis posterior
dick - flexor digitorum longus
harry - flexor hallicus longus

BMSc anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions