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MSK > Regional fractures > Flashcards

Regional fractures Flashcards

1
Q

How does a femoral shaft fracture occur?

A

high energy or pathalogical

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2
Q

what is associated with a femoral shaft fracture?

A

approx 1L blood loss. assoc with other injuries

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3
Q

what are the risks of femoral shaft fractures

A

ARDs fat embolism

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4
Q

What is the treatment for a femoral shaft fracture

A

resuscitation, analgesia. thomas splint. is unstable then IM nailing

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5
Q

how are unstable distal femur fractures treated

A

thomas splint may be used

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6
Q

how are intra articular femur fractures treated

A

anatomical reduction. rigid fixation. plates and screws

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7
Q

how are extra articular femur fractures treated

A

not too distal IM nails

distal plates and screws

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8
Q

what causes proximal tibial fractures

A

high energy in the young. low energy in the old

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9
Q

what can a high energy prox tibial fracture mean

A

may have soft tissue sweeping - so may need temp spanning ex fix

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10
Q

what investigations can be done for a proximal tibial fracture and what risks are there for this fracture

A

CT scan

post traumatic arthritis

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11
Q

what is the treatment for proximal tibial fractures

A

reduce. rigid fixation. elevation depressed articular fragments. bone graft

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12
Q

what is a key feature in tibial shaft fractures

A

internal rotation poorly tolerated

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13
Q

different between union and non union in tibial shaft fractures

A

16 wks is union

over a year is non-union

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14
Q

what do tibial shaft fractures have a high risk of

A

compartment syndrome

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15
Q

what is the treatment of tibial shaft fractures

A

conservative - plaster

operative - IM nailing, plating. ex fix

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16
Q

what is a pilon fracture

A

a intra articular distal tibial fracture

17
Q

how are pilon fractures caused and how do they present

A

high energy. substantial soft tissue damage

18
Q

what investigations can be done for distal tibial fractures

A

CT

19
Q

what is the treatment for distal tibial fractures

A

surgical emergency - urgent bridging ex fix. allow soft tissues to settle. +/- limited internal fix
internal fixation once soft tissues settle

20
Q

how is a isolated distal fibular fracture/minimally displaced medial malleolus treated

A

they are stable so conservatively

21
Q

which fracture can occur with a deltoid ligament rupture and what does this lead to

A

distal fibular fracture leads to talar shift

22
Q

bimalleolar fractures are what

A

unstable and they lead to a talar shift

23
Q

what is the treatment for 1mm talar shift

A

causes increased joint force -> open reduction internal fixation

MSK (17 decks)

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