Leg/Knee Flashcards
MCL rupture how
symptoms
treatment
valgus tress
laxity and pain on valgus stress. tenderness over MCL
usually heals unless ACL as well
acute tears - hinged knee brace
chronic MCL instability
MCL tightening to reconstruction with tendon graft
LCL rupture how
symptoms
treatment
varus stress
marked instability on rotation movement
completely rupture - urgent repair if early
later - reconstruction
high risk of what nerve injury with LCL
common perineal
ACL rupture how
high rotational force
sports injury
ACL rupture symptoms
pop heard/felt haemarthrosis develops within 1 hour deep pain in knee knee gives away when turning on planted foot lachmans positive
ACL reconstruction
possible with autograft, allograft or synthetic graft
PCL tear
direct blow to anterior tibial whilst flexed
PCL symptoms
popliteal knee pain and bruising
recurrent hyperextension or feel unstable when going down stairs
posterior drawer test positive
PCL treatment
fix if along with other ligament injuries
Meniscal tears types
sport injuries in young
degenerative in elderly >40
symptoms of meniscal tears
localised pain to medial or lateral joint line effusion develops next day pain and mechanical symptoms catching sensation/locking knee feels like its going to give way Steinmanns test positive
acute locked knee 15 degree springy block
BHT
degenerative tears
20% over 50
1st stage of OA
treatment for degenerative tears
steroid injection
treatment for meniscal tears
arthroscopic repair if young peripheral tear
pain and tenderness in region of greater trochanter with pain on resisted abduction
trochanteric burtisits/gluteal cuff syndrome
trochanteric burtisits/gluteal cuff syndrome rx
analgesia, anti inflam, phsyio, steroid injection
groin pain could possible be what
AVN
commonest place for AVN
hip joint
hanging rope
AVN
treatment for AVN
pre collapse - drill holes
after collapse THR
area of the surface of the knee loses blood supply and cartilage +/- bone can fragment off
osteochondritis dissecans
treatment for osteochondritis dissecans
detached - fix/remove
severe cases - cartilage regeneration
extensor mechanism rupture how
fall onto flexed knee with quads contracted
risk factors for extensor mechanism rupture
previous tendonitis (treated with steroid injection maybe), RA, DM, cipro, CRF, steroids
signs of extensor mechanism rupture and treatment
unable to straight leg raise
palpable gap
surgical repair
