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Medicine Unit 5 > Regenerative medicine > Flashcards

Regenerative medicine Flashcards

1
Q

tissue repair

A

where remodelling replaces damage tissue
forms inferior tissue (scar)

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2
Q

tissue regeneration

A

where we expect remodelling to restore native tissue
no scar

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3
Q

what does the liver and bone have in common

A

both have the ability to regenerate

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4
Q

what is special about bone

A

if injured in anyway it will try to repair by forming new bone

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5
Q

why do fractures unite

A

because the bone is broken

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6
Q

cells in the bone

A

osteocytes
osteoblasts
osteoclasts

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7
Q

2 components of extracellular matrix

A

organic,35%
inorganic, 65%

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8
Q

organic components of the extracellular matrix

A

type 1 collagen
osteocalcin
osteonectin
proteoglycans
glycosaminoglycans
ground substance

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9
Q

inorganic components of extracellular matrix

A

hydroxyapatite

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10
Q

what is in the image

A

cortical bone

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11
Q

what is in the image

A

cancellous bone

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12
Q

prerequisites for bone healing

A

adequate blood supply
adequate mechanical stability

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13
Q

blood supply to diaphyseal bone

A

nutrient artery
metaphyseal vessels
periosteal vessels

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14
Q

nutrient artery

A

intramedullary
supplies inner 2/3 of cortex

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15
Q

metaphyseal vessels

A

rich supply from soft tissue

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16
Q

periosteal vessels

A

supplies outer 1/3

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17
Q

label the blood supply of the bone

A
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18
Q

what are the 2 mechanisms of bone healing

A

direct/primary
indirect/secondary

19
Q

primary bone healing

A

no motion at the fracture site
no callus formation

20
Q

secondary bone healing

A

motion at the fracture site
callus formation

21
Q

direct bone healing

A

no motion or callus
rigid internal fixation
osteoblast form cutting cones across the fracture site
osteoblasts lay down lamellar bone behind
osteons form late
slow process

22
Q

indirect healing

A

unstable
callus stabilises
direct healing between cortices

23
Q

stages of the healing cascade

A

inflammation, 0-5 days
repair,5-42 days
late repair
regeneration and remodelling

24
Q

inflammation

A

haematoma
necrotic material
phagocytosis

25
Q

repair

A

granulation tissue
acid environment
periosteum, osteogenic cells
cortical osteoclasis

26
Q

late repair

A

fibrous tissue replaced by cartilage
endochondral ossification
periostea healing&raquo_space; membranous ossification

27
Q

regeneration and remodelling

A

replacement of callus (woven bone with lamellar bone)
continued osteoclasis
mechanical strain

28
Q

what is articular cartilage

A

65-80% water
type 2 collagen
proteoglycans
chondrocytes
matrix components

29
Q

what is in the image

A

articular cartilage

30
Q

what does the classic healing response require

A

site specific cells for phagocytosis and tissue synthesis
vascular supply

30
Q

what does the classic healing response require

A

site specific cells for phagocytosis and tissue synthesis
vascular supply

31
Q

3 phase response

A

phagocytosis
inflammatory
remodelling

32
Q

limitation of articular cartilage

A

chondrocytes imprisoned in a mesh of collagen and proteoglycans
avascular nature of cartilage

33
Q

treatment options

A
34
Q

surgical treatment options

A

marrow stimulation techniques
osteochondral autograft transfer
osteochondral allograft transfer
autologous chondrocyte implantation

35
Q

marrow stimulation techniques

A

abrasion arthroplasty
subchondral drilling
micro fracture

36
Q

why do chondral lesions not heal

A

need blood supply
need site specific cells for phagocytosis

37
Q

osteochondral autograft transfer

A

mosaicplasty

38
Q

lavage and debridement beneficial for

A

low energy trauma
mechanical symptoms
minimal malalignment
stable ligaments
low BMI

short term 50-70% benefit

39
Q

micro fracture in 1959

A

drilling generates heat
incomplete debridement

40
Q

what is in the image

A

micro fracture

41
Q

autologous chondrocyte implanttion

A

biopsy
implantation

42
Q

criteria in deciding treatment

A
43
Q

what occurs after treatment

A

synthetics
scaffolds
minced cartilage techniques
2nd and 3rd generation cell based
synthetic meniscus

Medicine Unit 5 (14 decks)

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