Coping with chronic illness

Question 1

WHO definition of a chronic illness

Answer 1

disease of long duration and slow progression
includes diseases such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, respiratory illnesses, rheumatoid arthritis, LBP

Question 2

impact of chronic illness

Answer 2

focus on management rather than cure
problems with adjustment and coping
balance demands of illness with demands of everyday life
issue of multi morbidity

Question 3

main stressors in chronic illness

Answer 3

symptoms
consultation
investigations
diagnosis
treatment
interference with life
chronic illness brings about changes to which adjustments need to be made

Question 4

what is coping

Answer 4

cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage external and or internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person

Question 5

4 subcategories of living with chronic illness

Answer 5

disavowal
false normality
the new normal
disruption

Question 6

disavowal

Answer 6

experience of lack of control and normality

Question 7

false normality

Answer 7

experience of partial control
could be long-standing but not sustainable

Question 8

new normal

Answer 8

acceptance is achieved
less vulnerable to distress

Question 9

disruption

Answer 9

exposure to stressful situation

Question 10

coping skills

Answer 10

problem focused
emotion focused
appraisal focused

Question 11

problem focused coping skills

Answer 11

related to what one does about the stressor
taking medication or seeking medical advice

Question 12

emotion focused coping skills

Answer 12

related to what one does about ones reactions to the stressor
emotional acceptance, seek psychological advice, vent negative feelings and substance abuse

Question 13

appraisal focused coping skills

Answer 13

centres on how one understands and appraises the stressful situation
logical analyses and mental preparation wishful thinking and denial

Question 14

4 main types of coping styles

Answer 14

approach
reappraisal
emotional regulation
avoidance

Question 15

examples of strategies of an approach coping style

Answer 15

taking medication
seeking advice
seeking information about the problem

Question 16

examples of strategies of an avoidance coping style

Answer 16

wishful thinking
alcohol or drug use
denial
avoidance

Question 17

best strategy for coping

Answer 17

matching stressor and strategy
controllable is problem focused
not controllable is emotion focused

Question 18

predictors of coping

Answer 18

timing of illness
resources: external and internal

Question 19

external resources

Answer 19

social contact
availability of social support
sources and types of external support

Question 20

social context

Answer 20

additional sources of life stress

Question 21

availability of social support

Answer 21

perceived quality of social support more important Than the size of the social network

Question 22

sources and types of external support

Answer 22

social companionship
professional support
emotional support, someone to talk to
informational support
instrumental support

Question 23

internal resources

Answer 23

learned helplessness associated with attributions
if cause of illness is seen as external, global, stable
depression and lowered self esteem
locus of control, internal or external
self efficacy
religion or faith
social skills
prior experience

Question 24

how could coping skills be learned

Answer 24

ACT
CBT

Question 25

stages of adjusting to chronic illness

Answer 25

non linear

adaptation/adjustment
response shift
growth/meaning making
integration

Question 26

adaptation/ adjustment

Answer 26

illness related and general Tasks

Question 27

adaptation/ adjustment illness related

Answer 27

living with symptoms and pain
learning about treatment and management
relationships with health care professionals

Question 28

adaptation/ adjustment general tasks

Answer 28

managing social and emotional consequences
preserving self-image competece and mastery
preparing for an uncertain future

Question 29

adjusting to chronic illness brings about change in what

Answer 29

role/identity illness requires altering identity
functioning/isolation
social support
future

Question 30

adjustment to chronic illness is complicated by

Answer 30

limited experience
decisions needed quickly
unpredictability and uncertainty
meaning/implications
additional, external stressors

Question 31

response shift

Answer 31

change in perspective and priorities in life
realign goals to fit with new situation

Question 32

growth meaning/making

Answer 32

fining positive changes as a result of their illness

Question 33

self-management

Answer 33

lifestyle changes more difficult to make than changes that are illness specific
patients may not see immediate benefits
must be part of patients normal daily life