Regeneration EQ3 - Management of regeneration

Question 1

What is infrastructure?

Answer 1

The basic physical systems and services that a country needs in order to work effectively

Question 2

What is reimaging?

Answer 2

Making a place more attractive/desirable to live in/invest in
Disassociating an area from previous bad images

Question 3

What is rebranding?

Answer 3

The ‘marketing’ aspect of regeneration, designed to attract businesses and residents

Question 4

What are 2 examples of UK infrastructure investment?

Answer 4

• Heathrow airport expansion
• HS2

Question 5

What is the Heathrow airport expansion, and what are the pros?

Answer 5

Expansion plan at Heathrow which includes a brand new 3rd runway
Pros: could generate £100 billion for the UK economy, Heathrow is already operating at full capacity, create 70,000 new jobs

Question 6

What are the cons of Heathrow expansion plans?

Answer 6

Heathrow is already the greatest emitter of CO2 nationally, community destruction (compulsory purchase orders), noise pollution

Question 7

What is HS2 and its pros?

Answer 7

High Speed Two is a new high speed railway network connect London to Birmingham, Manchester, and Leeds
Pros - reverse North-South divide (Northern Powerhouse), take pressure off existing infrastructure, ‘carbon neutral’, reduces journey times

Question 8

What are the cons of HS2?

Answer 8

Likely to create jobs in London, environmental costs, exceeded budget of £50 billion - now £100 bil, behind schedule (not till 2040s), rail growth has actually dipped in recent years

Question 9

What are the factors affecting regeneration policies?

Answer 9

• location (urban or rural)
• politics of local area
• external factors
• legacy of past regeneration projects
• quality of bid for private investment
• degree of pump priming required

Question 10

What was the deregulation of capital markets and how did it boost London’s economy?

Answer 10

Deregulating financial markets - ‘Big Bang’
Ending Stock Exchange’s monopoly and removing entry barriers
Allowed London to host European Banks - in 2008 finance and banking created 30% of UK GDP

Question 11

What are the arguments for and against migration?

Answer 11

For - increased GDP, more workers
Against - ethnic tensions, ‘taking’ jobs, increased population puts pressure on services

Question 12

What is the current government policy on immigration?

Answer 12

Aims to reduce mass immigration as only the ‘beneficial’ are allowed to stay

Question 13

What are the 3 aspects of the role of government planning?

Answer 13

• planning laws
• planning for fracking
• planning for housing needs

Question 14

What is the role of science parks?

Answer 14

To present areas as being attractive for investment. They create attractive environments, purpose built infrastructure and advice and networking groups

Question 15

How can local interest groups be categorised?

Answer 15

By their viewpoint/stance:
- socioeconomic (Chamber of Commerce, trade unions)
- environment (conservation societies)

Question 16

What were the tensions created by the 2012 Olympic Park?

Answer 16

• Clay Lane Housing cooperative was compulsory purchased in 2007 to make way for Olympic site developments, causing 430 residents to move
• many olympic related jobs were only temporary construction jobs
• gentrification increased rents
• few jobs actually went to locals

Question 17

What are some different regeneration strategies?

Answer 17

• infrastructure led
• technology led
• sport art and culture to attract investment
• retail led
• marketing heritage for tourism
• themed events
• new settlements
• sustainable communities

Question 18

What is diversification?

Answer 18

The process of a business enlarging or varying its range of products or field of operation.

Question 19

What are the type of rural diversification?

Answer 19

• agriculture based
• non agricultural
• environmental schemes

Question 20

What was Liverpool like before urban rebranding?

Answer 20

In the 20th century it was badly affected by industrial decline
High levels of economic and social deprivation as well as high crime levels

Question 21

How was Liverpool rebranded/regenerated?

Answer 21

Heritage - Merseyside Development Corporation regenerated 320 hectares of derelict/historic Albert Docks into maritime museum, shops and apartments
Culture - European city of culture 2008, £4 billion invested into arts and infrastructure
Retail - Liverpool ONE shopping centre worth £900 mil opened in 2008

Question 22

What is Liverpool Waters?

Answer 22

A part of a £75 billion, 65km growth corridor
2km long, private investment by Peel Property Group
Cultural buildings designed to attract Chinese buisnesses (twinned with Shanghai), 23,000 new apartments, shops and office spaces

Question 23

Why is rural rebranding needed?

Answer 23

In the post production countryside, there is less infrastructure, fewer flagship projects and many remote areas

Question 24

What is the new rural economy?

Answer 24

Where rural areasbecome more like urban economies, with most employment in services rather than primary production. Making money from the appeal of landscapes, rural environments and local cultural heritage is more common

Question 25

What are the different rural rebranding strategies?

Answer 25

• heritage and literary association
• farm diversification
• specialised products
• outdoor pursuits
• themed events
• adventure leisure and tourism
• ecovillages/sustainable communities

Question 26

How has Bronte Country been rebranded?

Answer 26

2002, £2 Million Regeneration Project to rebrand the area, high amounts tourism contributing to economy - homeland of Bronte sisters and moorland that inspired their classic literature
Led to 10 million tourists in 2013

Question 27

How has Kielder Forest been rebranded?

Answer 27

One of UK’s most remote villages - but now features Kielder Water and Forest Park, which attracts 345,000 visitors annually. Conservation is also integral - red squirrels etc. £40 million of funding in next 10 years