Regenerating Places - Case Studies Flashcards
Brontë Country
- It is an area in england that has been rebranded.
- West Yorkshire and East Lancashire Pennines and north of the peak district.
- desolation inspired books Weathering Heights and Jane Eyre
- 2002, £2 Million Regeneration Project to rebrand the area, high amounts tourism contributing to economy
- deindustrialisation caused agricultural industry to decline, need for regeneration.
- moved towards preservation and conservation of ecosystems.
- 10 million tourists in 2013.
- tertiary industry focus, to climb out of deprivation.
- high levels of engagement after the rebranding in 2002, community meetings, heritage railway.
- cumulative causation, centre of economic activity.
- employees in the area paid more tax, generated more for economy, becomes attractive for businesses and innovation.
Kielder Forest
-Located in england, west of northumberland, north east of lake district national park.
-Regeneration needed because it was near Sheffield.
-Steel industry in Sheffield declined, deindustrialisation.
-no visitors investment was needed.
-Kielder Forest is the largest in England.
-man made lake, more cofee shops, important to increase economy.
-Man made lake was £167 million
-private and business investments in Kielder, 200 people are employed in the area.
-volunteers who work with the forest trust
-£40 million of funding over the next 10 years
- 300,000 annual visitors
-wildlife has been a success
in 2009 a total of 42 osprey chicks will have been bon in the forest, environmentalists happy.
-residents not happy, noise pollution of mand made lake , also loss of land.
Minehead
- Coastal town, southbank of the Bristol channel, located in west somerset.
- governed by a town council which was creatd in 2003.
- Minehead has been suffering from deprivation and has been working with the government and investors to help develop the area and improve QoL.
- 4 in 10 WS workers earning under living wage, office national statistics.
- Hinckley Point C- new powerplant in the area, EDF eishes to formalise the commitment.
- Vision Group, implementation of a vision for Minehead, enhance socio-economic aspirations and enhance economic performance.
- 55% of people in Minehead are employed in the Tourism industry.
Function and demographics of Minehead
- Minehead used to be a town was heavily involved in trade and fishing.
- most people in Minehead worked in these sectors.
- globalisation saw the fishing and trade industry move out resulting in a higher amount of job losses.
- Function changed- Billy Bultin, Butlins costing £2 million in 1962.
- Changed Mineheads function to tourism, industry grew significantly.
- When the trade and fishing industry was still around there was a mix of people in the area, young and skilled people moved out of the area
- left unskilled workers which changed the demographics.
- attracted various ethnicities due to low wage jobs, also seaside attracted elderly people.
change in peoples identity and levels of engagement and cohesion in Minehead
- regeneration caused peoples formal perception to change as statistically, Minehead was seen as a wealthier place.
- Articles for the scheme manipulated peoples opinions for informal perception was changed.
- 83% of people said the area was a people where people got along well with eachother.
- good level of satisfaction with the health services, especially primary and local care
- engagement varied between ages- elderly engage more often as they have time on their hands
- 48% said they would like activities for teenagers and young adults.
Conflicts and role of local interest groups in the regeneration project.
- tesco implemenation meant less people visited the local businesses
- conflict between local business and government arised because their was no consultation.
- elderly disputed as they said the shops were too spread out and not in the centre.
- Minehead Vision Group- ensured that the local population have access to the appropriate skills and training they need to realise potential.
- provided a range of cultural and leisure activities.
- local government- put ideas and projects into action by recruiting planners to organise construction, consultation meetings where people could share views.
- Coastal communities alliance- build on hte strengths of the town , further renegerate Minehead, future proof it to be a vital and vibrant community, where local population have access to appropriate skills.
Woking
-Located 31 miles south west of London. In surrey and around 40 miles from the coast.
- there are alot of rented flats in the area, either from the local government and private businesses, there are also many retail shops in the shopping center.
CHANGE IN FUNCTION
-used to be a cemetery for the bodies from london, now is used as a commuter village/retail area.
CHANGE IN DEMGRAPHICS
-20.7% increase in population between 2001-2011 in Old Woking.
-2011 Census 99,198
- There are 39,467 houses in Woking.
-The average household size is 2.49 people.
-31% with dependent children.
-83.6% White, 10.68% asian
-53% Chrisitan, 23% no religion, 7% Muslim.
Influences on Woking
REGIONAL INFLUENCES
- location is near London, meaning workers move to Woking as it is an easy commute.
NATIONAL INFLUENCES
-there has been a big increase in migrant workers from all over the world, this will change the function of Woking.
INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL INFLUENCES
- Woking is trying to keep up with globalisation, they are trying to keep up with technology etc.
-International influences have caused the Pound to drop, different events such as Brexit have caused this.
-More countries are more likely to trade with a trade agreement organisation. than a stand alone country.
-Better communication and cheaper access to goods, more immigration with hope to start a new life.
Regeneration in Woking
-Woking borough Council started planning Victoria Square Skyscraper in 2014, with costs of around £250 million.
-The development is expected to bring £25 million into Woking’s economy.
-new M&S Store, including food hall and cafe
-190 bedroom 4 Star hotel with spa, gym, restaurants.
-392 Residental Apartments.
CONFLICTS
-They have faced conflicts with local residents, regeneration scheme required closure of local roads, noise pollution angered the residents.
-local business owners were against the projects, small amounts of businesses were forced to close dow in order for construction to take place.
WHY?
-large population increase, necessary for new houses to be built, expanding businesses and town centre to accomodate new residents.
- 25 minute train connection to London Waterloo is major benefit for business.
-TNCs-WWF, Sab Miller, McLaren, Fidessa it is essential Woking remains a highly competitive business base.
- it is in close proximity to two major airports, good location for internation business men and women to collaborate.
-regeneration has lead the town to look more modern, meaning that it has given a new image.
Stratford and the Olympics
- Located in the east end of London, north of the River Thames and north of East Croydon.
-31,466 population.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
-home to the London 2012 Olympics
-Tourists, Westfield Stratford City
-Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. - 5,000 purpose built homes, offices, schools etc.
Westfield Stratford- 350 Stores it is home to many brands such as Boots, KFC, McDonalds.
FUNCTION AND DEMOGRAPHICS - no main function, elements of trade and industry. Now it is most likely to become tourism and retail, home to West Hams new stadium
- White British Majority
-main minorites are Black African and White Other.
REBRANDING AND REIMAGING - brownfield sites were reconstucted and adapted in appearance, e.g carpenters lock
- Lower Lay Valley- one of the most deprived communities in the country, lack of infrastructure, cumulative causation meant that investment levels went up to 6 billion.
-By 2025, it is estimates that 22 billion will have been invested into the area, creating 30,000 homes and 100,000 jobs.
Liverpool
-large metropolitan borough in the north west of England, it is 35 miles west of manchester and located near the bank of the river Mersey.
-The Albert Docks are located on the River Mersey used to be the main function
-the dock became out of use and derelict.
-industrial decline in the 1980s, deprivation and high levels of crime and vandalism.
CHANGE IN FUNCTION
-In the 19th century the city was dominated by commerce, through the use of docks, this has slowly changed over time with the regeneration project.
-Changed as it was ordered the city of culture in 2008
DEMOGRAPHICS
-the rebranding project has allowed the area to gentrify, this means that the city has changed the target market
-more students in the city 20 min walk-studentification.
INFLUENCES ON LIVERPOOL
-REGIONAL AND NATIONAL
nationwide stores such as John Lewis and Debenhams have got their flagship stores in the Liverpool One Shopping Centre, this attracts people because best stores in the country
-Peel group-help liverpool with investment and rebranding
INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL
-EU, Capital City of Culture 2008, gave Liverpool a better Image, tourists want to come and see.
Eden Project/Cornwall
- Located in England/Cornwall, North of the A391.
- two enclosures which consist of domes that are large enough to home thousands of plants.
- one imitates a rainforest environment and the other imitates a Mediterranean environment.
- contributed 700 million to local economy in 5 years, overall contributed 1.6 billion.
- they also work with farmers and businesses in the developing world. South Africa, costa rica.
- called Britiain’s biggest tourist attraction.
Regeneration
-2012 serious trouble, decline because of weather and the olympics in the same year.
-
- 400 staff now employed local taxations to improve services
- Indirect jobs were created, suppliers and business surrounding the area
- work experience and apprenticeships experience for young people
- the Millenium commission funded 56 million of the project from the National lottery
- EU also gave money as part as a rural diversification plan
- tourism, environment improved
- regeneration caused 1.2 million visitors.
- Former mining quarry to architectural beauty
Powys regeneration project
-Located in mid-wales, south of Liverpool and North of Cardiff.
-Population of arouns 131,100 people.
- project was funded through the RDP (Rural development plan for Wales.)
-Objectives included: harness community strengths, sustainable settlements and improve community well-being.
WHY
- hidden deprivation, suffers from a shortage of skills.
-emphasis on agriculture and tourism
- better economic landscape.
PLANS
- Harness local talents, work contributes 173.6 million to local economy
-860 million to ecnourage renewable heat
-better investments into ICT.
POSITIVES
-assembles a network of people wanting to improve Powys
-650 million into the local economy
-green tourism
NEGATIVES
-wind turbines, unaesthetically pleasing for local residents
-poor monitoring of impacts on biodiversity and landscape.
-threaten conservation of wild birds as habitats would be destroyed.
Titanic Quarter Belfast
-Located in Belfast, largest city in Northern Ireland.
-Major Port, with commercial and industrial docks dominating the belfast shoreline.
-single largest regeneration scheme in Northern Irelands history.
-Masterplanned over 185 acres on the site where RMS Titanic was designed and built, redefining what it means to be in Belfast.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
-1 million visitors every year,
-£ 425 million of investment completed to date, 18,000 people live, work and study in the Titanic Quarter Daily.
-two world class universities,700 foreign investors, 4000 employees.
-100 national and international companies.
with 4000 employees.
WHY
-socio-political unrest until 1998 since the 60s.
-this caused bad perception which meant that they struggled to find investment to make the area become more attractive.
WHAT WAS DONE
-4.9 million renovation for a factory into a 4 star hotel.
-revonated docks
-museums
-luxury shops
-Titanic Quarter visitor centre.
WHO
-Belfast City Council
-locals
- Developers- Harcourt Developments.
- £105 Additional tourism.
HOW
-Belfst was a industrial centre of Ireland, ropemaking and shipbuilding.
-Today it remains a centre for industry and the arts, higher education and law.
NATIONAL INFLUENCES
- predicted to create 25,000 new jobs over the next 10 years.
-Its a major symbol of the economic regeneration of Belfast and Northern Ireland.
