Key Terms- Superpowers 2

Question 1

Bi-polar

Answer 1

a world where two countries either share or compete to have the greatest global influence.

Question 2

Capitalism

Answer 2

An economic and political system in which trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state

Question 3

Capitalist Society

Answer 3

a culture based on an economic system of enterprise and private ownership of all parts of the system with minimal interference from governments so that economic conditions are competitive.

Question 4

Colonialism

Answer 4

the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country or territory, occupying it with settlers and using its resources for trade and economic gain.

Question 5

Colony

Answer 5

a territory occupied as part of an empire.

Question 6

Contested borders

Answer 6

national borders that are not recognised by different players because of disputed ownership of territory

Question 7

Corruption

Answer 7

the abuse of power for private gains, usually by those who hold political power, and undermines trust and restricts freedom; the scale may vary depending on the amount of money involved.

Question 8

Counterfeiting

Answer 8

creating an imitation or fake product or component that is significantly cheaper and inferior than the original, but breaks patent laws and seriously undermines trade in legitimate goods.

Question 9

Democratic Government

Answer 9

a system of governing where the people have power, usually through ‘one person, one vote’ in free elections of representatives as determined by the historical development of the country

Question 10

Democratic institution

Answer 10

a government organisation responsible for ensuring that democratic processes take place, from a parliament to the the courts of law to a government agency or department.

Question 11

Deregulated financial market

Answer 11

the removal or reduction of rules governing financial transactions.

Question 12

Deregulation

Answer 12

the reduction or elimination of government control or support over a part of the economy (business and industry), especially removing barriers to competition.

Question 13

Development

Answer 13

the the process by which a country evolves over time for the better in terms of economic, social, political and sustainable change

Question 14

Direct control

Answer 14

the imposition of power by a more powerful group, such as through military rule.

Question 15

Economic restructuring

Answer 15

the gradual change from a manufacturing to a service sector economy following deindustrialisation

Question 16

economic sanctions

Answer 16

Commercial and financial support for a country is withdrawn or blocked by a country or group of countries because of infringement of international laws or agreements; this may include trade barriers, tariffs, and restrictions on financial transactions. Individuals may also be specifically targeted.

Question 17

Economic sovereignty

Answer 17

the authority to make laws governing economic operations in a country

Question 18

Emerging power

Answer 18

a country that has rapidly increased its influence and economic position in the world.

Question 19

Empire

Answer 19

a group of nations and people ruled over by a more powerful foreign government or leadership, creating a territory that is often worldwide in extent.

Question 20

Failed state

Answer 20

a country in which government has lost control of one or more national functions, such as law and order, economy, or democratic recognition.

Question 21

Foreign policy

Answer 21

a government strategy for dealing with the government or leaders in another country

Question 22

free trade

Answer 22

trade that is not controlled by taxes, tariffs or regulations

Question 23

G20

Answer 23

the 20 richest countries in the world, which meet semi-regularly to discuss key global economic issues.

Question 24

Geopolitical intervention

Answer 24

the use of economic, political or military power by countries (superpowers) or groups of countries (African Union) in different regions of the world to bring about change.

Question 25

Geopolitical relations

Answer 25

the study of the effects of geography on international politics and international relations.

Question 26

Global governance

Answer 26

the actions of IGOs that collectively provide a framework of rules and practices that attempt to govern the behaviour of players on a global scale .

Question 27

Hard power

Answer 27

the ability of a country or group of countries to use military or economic influence to make another country accept a situation or idea.

Question 28

Hegemony

Answer 28

the ability to establish leadership over a group of people through political or cultural processes

Question 29

Human capital

Answer 29

the manual and intellectual skills, knowledge, understanding and experience of people creates a resource that can be used

Question 30

IGO

Answer 30

intergovernmental organisation such as the United Nations and its affiliates which involve the participation of many countries

Question 31

Imperial era

Answer 31

a period of when many countries were governed and very strongly influenced by colonial rule, usually by a European country.

Question 32

Indirect control

Answer 32

a subtle way of excercising power such as through trade or cultural influences.

Question 33

Empire

Answer 33

a group nations and people ruled over by a more powerful foreign government or leadership, creating a territory that is often worldwide in extent.

Question 34

Interdependence

Answer 34

the strong links between two or more countries which create a situation where they become dependent on each other.

Question 35

International agreement

Answer 35

a written or oral form of treaty but dealing with a narrower ranger of matters than a full treaty, particularly used for technical or administration matters.

Question 36

International law

Answer 36

the legal rules that have been established by treaty and recognised by countries as binding in their international behaviour or relations.

Question 37

Intervention

Answer 37

the use of economic or military power to intervene in a sovereign country due to concerns about human rights issues.

Question 38

Military aid

Answer 38

this is given to countries, usually allies, to help fight terrorist or defend against insurgency groups or combat international crime (such as drugs); sometimes it may be used for geopolitical reasons to change a regime. Military aid may involve money to buy arms, or military equipment, or intelligence and surveillance, or forces for peacekeeping operations.

Question 39

Multipolar

Answer 39

a world where several countries have a highly influential role in the world or their world region and link together in world economic and political systems.

Question 40

neo colonial

Answer 40

the use of investment, trade and culture to influence independent countries instead of direct governance.

Question 41

neo-liberal view

Answer 41

an approach that transfers control of economic factors to the private sector away from government control, with the idea that there is an open market for trade with limited protectionism and subsidies and the economy is free of restrictive barriers and regulations.

Question 42

NGO

Answer 42

non-governmental organisation, often a charity or a voluntary citizens group, operating at a local, national or international level.

Question 43

Political tensions

Answer 43

unrest and distrust arising from unpopular decisions made by the ruling groups of a country.

Question 44

Regional power

Answer 44

a country or state that has power or influence in a part of a continent or world region.

Question 45

Soft Power

Answer 45

the ability of a country or a group of countries to persuade other countries to agree to a situation or idea by making it attractive.