Key Terms- Superpowers 2 Flashcards
Bi-polar
a world where two countries either share or compete to have the greatest global influence.
Capitalism
An economic and political system in which trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
Capitalist Society
a culture based on an economic system of enterprise and private ownership of all parts of the system with minimal interference from governments so that economic conditions are competitive.
Colonialism
the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country or territory, occupying it with settlers and using its resources for trade and economic gain.
Colony
a territory occupied as part of an empire.
Contested borders
national borders that are not recognised by different players because of disputed ownership of territory
Corruption
the abuse of power for private gains, usually by those who hold political power, and undermines trust and restricts freedom; the scale may vary depending on the amount of money involved.
Counterfeiting
creating an imitation or fake product or component that is significantly cheaper and inferior than the original, but breaks patent laws and seriously undermines trade in legitimate goods.
Democratic Government
a system of governing where the people have power, usually through ‘one person, one vote’ in free elections of representatives as determined by the historical development of the country
Democratic institution
a government organisation responsible for ensuring that democratic processes take place, from a parliament to the the courts of law to a government agency or department.
Deregulated financial market
the removal or reduction of rules governing financial transactions.
Deregulation
the reduction or elimination of government control or support over a part of the economy (business and industry), especially removing barriers to competition.
Development
the the process by which a country evolves over time for the better in terms of economic, social, political and sustainable change
Direct control
the imposition of power by a more powerful group, such as through military rule.
Economic restructuring
the gradual change from a manufacturing to a service sector economy following deindustrialisation
economic sanctions
Commercial and financial support for a country is withdrawn or blocked by a country or group of countries because of infringement of international laws or agreements; this may include trade barriers, tariffs, and restrictions on financial transactions. Individuals may also be specifically targeted.
Economic sovereignty
the authority to make laws governing economic operations in a country
Emerging power
a country that has rapidly increased its influence and economic position in the world.
Empire
a group of nations and people ruled over by a more powerful foreign government or leadership, creating a territory that is often worldwide in extent.
Failed state
a country in which government has lost control of one or more national functions, such as law and order, economy, or democratic recognition.
Foreign policy
a government strategy for dealing with the government or leaders in another country
free trade
trade that is not controlled by taxes, tariffs or regulations
G20
the 20 richest countries in the world, which meet semi-regularly to discuss key global economic issues.
Geopolitical intervention
the use of economic, political or military power by countries (superpowers) or groups of countries (African Union) in different regions of the world to bring about change.
Geopolitical relations
the study of the effects of geography on international politics and international relations.
Global governance
the actions of IGOs that collectively provide a framework of rules and practices that attempt to govern the behaviour of players on a global scale .
Hard power
the ability of a country or group of countries to use military or economic influence to make another country accept a situation or idea.
Hegemony
the ability to establish leadership over a group of people through political or cultural processes
Human capital
the manual and intellectual skills, knowledge, understanding and experience of people creates a resource that can be used
IGO
intergovernmental organisation such as the United Nations and its affiliates which involve the participation of many countries
Imperial era
a period of when many countries were governed and very strongly influenced by colonial rule, usually by a European country.
Indirect control
a subtle way of excercising power such as through trade or cultural influences.
Empire
a group nations and people ruled over by a more powerful foreign government or leadership, creating a territory that is often worldwide in extent.
Interdependence
the strong links between two or more countries which create a situation where they become dependent on each other.
International agreement
a written or oral form of treaty but dealing with a narrower ranger of matters than a full treaty, particularly used for technical or administration matters.
International law
the legal rules that have been established by treaty and recognised by countries as binding in their international behaviour or relations.
Intervention
the use of economic or military power to intervene in a sovereign country due to concerns about human rights issues.
Military aid
this is given to countries, usually allies, to help fight terrorist or defend against insurgency groups or combat international crime (such as drugs); sometimes it may be used for geopolitical reasons to change a regime. Military aid may involve money to buy arms, or military equipment, or intelligence and surveillance, or forces for peacekeeping operations.
Multipolar
a world where several countries have a highly influential role in the world or their world region and link together in world economic and political systems.
neo colonial
the use of investment, trade and culture to influence independent countries instead of direct governance.
neo-liberal view
an approach that transfers control of economic factors to the private sector away from government control, with the idea that there is an open market for trade with limited protectionism and subsidies and the economy is free of restrictive barriers and regulations.
NGO
non-governmental organisation, often a charity or a voluntary citizens group, operating at a local, national or international level.
Political tensions
unrest and distrust arising from unpopular decisions made by the ruling groups of a country.
Regional power
a country or state that has power or influence in a part of a continent or world region.
Soft Power
the ability of a country or a group of countries to persuade other countries to agree to a situation or idea by making it attractive.
