Globalisation Case Studies

Question 1

China and SEZs

Answer 1

• the government has created SEZ’s near the coast ( beneficial for trade) with tax incentives in order to gain FDI through TNCs, and investment into industries as well as little government intervention
• Shenzen in 1992 attracted 14% of China’s total FDI.
• China now receives over $100 bn in FDI each year which has led to cumulative causation.

Question 2

China’s investment into infrastructure

Answer 2

• investment into transport has enables accessibility to global markets making it an idea place for industries to locate for flows of good through exportation and importation.
• 12,000 km freight train from China to Europe was built along the silk road for containerised goods.

Question 3

Trade, trade agreements and international investment

Answer 3

• China has invested into a nuclear power plant called hinkley point
• China has also invested $4bn in African industry,, estimated to contain 90% of the worlds supply of platinum and cobalt and half of the world’s gold supply.
• Chinese exports exceed 2.3 trillion and imports total 1.84 trillion meaning that China has a trade surplus.
• In 1979, one child policy, reduced workforce pool, slow growth rate, ageing population.

Question 4

Pollution in China

Answer 4

• The Chinese government came up with a car lottery scheme that aims to nullify the effects of a rising urban population on pollution.
• one in 725 were granted a licence plate.
• the number of cars has more than quadrupled in the last 15 years, in 2010, 800,000 new cars hit the capital’s streets.

Question 5

Westernisation in China

Answer 5

• KFC is the most popular restaurant Chain in china.
• Social media sites such as Facebook and Instagram are disallowed.
• We Chat- has enabled the owner to become the 30th richest man in the world, with a net worth of $23.9 billion.

Question 6

Globalisation in China

Answer 6

-Starbucks have made Cantonese style pancakes and two types of coffee blended with tea during the spring festival in China

Question 7

Rural to urban migration in China

Answer 7

• there was a plan which was to implement a classification system to keep record of all Chinese as rural or urban citizen. The government then tied all social benefits to a persons province.
• this would therefore limit the amount of rural to urban migration.
• in more recent times, economic motivation is still unquestionably the primary motivation behind rural-urban migration.
• 145 million rural to urban migrants which accounts for 11 percent of the total population.
• the average age for migrants is 17.2

Question 8

Social impacts of globalisation in China

Answer 8

• Life expectancy has risen from 45-75 since 1960
• 96.4 of the population is literate
• 95% of the population has access to basic health insurance cover.
• 1.2 million people die from smoke inhalation related illnesses, due to the increase of trade and globalisation.

Question 9

Economic impacts of globalisation in China

Answer 9

• GDP $11tn meaning that China now has the second largest economy in the world.
• GDP per capita 7,574
• labour force of 806 million.
• 300,000 foreign companies have invested into China, little money is given back to China, this is known as leakage.

Question 10

Environmental impacts of globalisation in China

Answer 10

• 70% of China’s rivers and lakes are now polluted.
• 360 m individuals do not have access to clean water
• Carbon emissions are at their highest. They were 1.17 metric tons per capita in 1960 and 7.551 in 2013

Question 11

Inequalities in China

Answer 11

• The rapid growth of China’s economy over the past three decades was believed to increase affluence leading to a happier, wealthier and more equitable society.
• The poorest 25 percent own only just 1 percent of the total countries wealth.
• China’s Gini coefficient for income, a widely used measure of inequality, was 0.49 in 2012, according to the report. The World Bank considers a coefficient above 0.40 to represent severe income inequality.

Question 12

Privatisation in the UK

Answer 12

• Margaret Thatcher in 1979 started a process of deregulation and privatisation.
• privatised British Gas, British Rail and British Telecom

Question 13

North Korea- an isolated country

Answer 13

• President Kim il sing adopted a policy of diplomatic and economic self reliance as a way of stopping outside influence.
• after years of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation, the country now relies heavily on Chinese aid to feed its population.

Question 14

China’s Role in the global shift of manufacturing

Answer 14

-IN 1990 Chinas share of global trade in manufacture was just 2 percent, by 2010 it was 10 percent.

Question 15

The benefits of the global shift in Mumbai, India

Answer 15

10th largest city in the world

• it is home to clusters of key industries music, film, texts, power generation and finance.
• THe Chhatraparti Shivaji International Airport is one of the main aviation hub’s for the city and the second busiest in terms of traffic
• its capacity is set to increase to 40 million annually.
• strain is going to be relied after government sanctioned a new airport.
• The Jawaharlal Nehru Port, which currently handles 55-60 percent of Indias containerised cargo, is a hub port fro the city, and for India and for the Arabian Sea.

Question 16

The costs of the global shift in Mumbai, India

Answer 16

Rapid rates of urbanisation has led to poverty and unemployment, poor public health and poor education.
-the average price of a 95m2 squared accommodation in the city is 250,000 USD
This has led the proportion of people who live in slums to rise to 60 percent
This is compared to 20 percent in Rio and Delhi.

Question 17

Deindustrialisation in Detroit Michigan

Answer 17

During the 1920s, detroit was the 4th largest city in the US, with a thriving car industry.

• industrial restructuring resulting from the global shift, such as car manufacturing moving to Japan led to the area becoming very deprived.
• the city lost a quarter of it’s population
• The city in 2013, was declared bankrupt with debts of £18.5 billion.
• one third of all families live under the line of poverty

Question 18

Russian Oligarchs in Londongrad

Answer 18

• during the dissolution of the soviet union in1990, business people acquired many soviet era industries.
• These businesses proceeded to make their new owners very rich.
• Some of these russian oligarchs have bought homes in the wealthiest boroughs of london
• some have also acquired interests in major European companies for example, Roman Abramovich bought Chelsea in 2003
• The migration allows the Russians to access the global financial markers where the UK benefits from their investment, their combined total of bonds in london from 2004-2014 was over 250 billion.

Question 19

Low-wage economic migration to Dubai

Answer 19

• Dubai is not really an Arab City states because only one in eight residents are citizens of the UAE.
• Many educated Indians live a comfortable life in Dubai, for example an indian industrialist paid 12.5 million for the 100th floor of the burj khalifa.
• south Asian guest workers who make up abut 60% of the population work 12 hour shifts and only make about 5 dollars a day.

Question 20

The Disney Corporation and Americanisation

Answer 20

• The largest TNCs are american and are therefore in promoting their brands globally, they are pushing American culture and values.
• Disney is one of the worlds largest media companies
• A particular cultural meme is the white wedding which appeared in many disney films.
• The global influence of Disney is clear as ‘the white wedding’ is the most dominant wedding styles despite many cultures have different wedding traditions.

Question 21

The Paralympic movemement

Answer 21

1948 Summer Olympics
Stoke Mandeville Hospital, London
sports competition for injured ww2 veterans
-1988 seoul
-the success of the paralympic movements alongside the globalisation of sports by key players such as the IOC shows how globalisation can create new opportunities for disadvantaged groups.

Question 22

Loss of tribal lifestyles in Papa New Guinea

Answer 22

It is estimated more than 7000 different cultural groups exist in Papa New Guinea and most of them have their own language.

under colonial rule PNG experienced political, social and economic integration.
Missionary activities lead to the spread of Christianity and Western education.
Class differences emerged as educated parents with good jobs provided with for their Children’s future
Increasing intermarriage meant that couples failed to pass on their native language

in 1964 the discovery of copper in Bougainville resulted in the construction of a giant copper mine.
BRA Bouganville Revolutionary Army

Question 23

Environment concerns and the anti-globalisation movement in India

Answer 23

according to the WHO of India’s 3119 towns and cities, just 209 have partial sewage treatment facilities.
Over 100 Indian cities dump untreated Sewage into the Ganges
washes into soils, rivers and wetlands.
economists have argued that globalisation creates wealth which ca fund better environmental management

-India has seen campaigns against US soft drinks, due to their practice of drawing too much ground water. locals have suffered
against dam development
They have also fought against plastic bag use, they promote cloth, jute and paper bags to protect the natural environment

Question 24

RANA PLAZA

Answer 24

In 2013, a factory building collapse where the Rana Plaza clothing company were located collapsed. 1000 people died
Bangladesh found itself to fill a gap in the world market for cheap clothing
it has low wages therefore it is able to meet the needs of the suppliers on the high street
The countries clothing export increased fr om$6bn in 2004 to 21bn in 2013 and the country is regarded by some to have the potential for economic take off

Question 25

Immigration and the Changing face of the Uk

Answer 25

-following ww2 the UK received over 500,000 migrants from the Caribbean. The pull factor was work due to the rebuilding of industry following the collapse since the war.

During the 1960S UK Textile industries in the midlands and the North West were booming and needed labour
750,000 pakistanis and a million indians were attracted by these pull factors.
Poor countries joined the EU in 2004, free migration policy meant that over a million migrants have joined the UK ever since.

Question 26

Canada’s first Nations

Answer 26

-The first nations are the various aboriginal peoples of Canada
-634 current first nation governments
-they have cultures which span thousands of years.
-The fort McKay First nation in Canada, alberta has worked with canadian oil sands industry to protect their land and culture but also to benefit economically.
The first nations agreed a 20km exclusion zone between an oil sand development which produced more than 250,000 barrels of oil a day
They also negotiated contracts to provide services for the oil sands industry for their own first nation companies worth more than $100 million annually.

Question 27

TOTNES- transition towns

Answer 27

A transition town is a small community project that seeks to build resilience in response to the issues of peak oil, climate change and economic instability.

The idea began in Totnes in 2006 and has now spread to 1000 communities worldwide.

Main purpose is to raise awareness of sustainable living.

communities are encouraged to seek out methods for reducing energy usage, as weak as reducing their reliance on long supply chains that depend on fossil fuels. Food is a key area for transition.

Initiatives include creating community gardens and replacing ornamental tree plantings with fruit or nut trees for food.

the philosophy is to rebuild relationships with the community and with the natural world.

Question 28

The fair trade system

Answer 28

The international fair-trade system seeks greater equity in international trade by promoting fair terms of trade to benefit farmers and workers.
These offer rural families a stable income which allows them to plan for the future.
These large scale producers must protect workers basic rights, keep them safe and healthy, allow freedom of association and collective bargaining, prevent discrimination and guarantee that they use no bonded or illegal Child labour

Question 29

Immigration and the Changing face of the Uk

Answer 29

-following ww2 the UK received over 500,000 migrants from the Caribbean. The pull factor was work due to the rebuilding of industry following the collapse since the war.

During the 1960S UK Textile industries in the midlands and the North West were booming and needed labour
750,000 pakistanis and a million indians were attracted by these pull factors.
Poor countries joined the EU in 2004, free migration policy meant that over a million migrants have joined the UK ever since.

Question 30

Canada’s first Nations

Answer 30

-The first nations are the various aboriginal peoples of Canada
-634 current first nation governments
-they have cultures which span thousands of years.
-The fort McKay First nation in Canada, alberta has worked with canadian oil sands industry to protect their land and culture but also to benefit economically.
The first nations agreed a 20km exclusion zone between an oil sand development which produced more than 250,000 barrels of oil a day
They also negotiated contracts to provide services for the oil sands industry for their own first nation companies worth more than $100 million annually.

Question 31

TOTNES- transition towns

Answer 31

A transition town is a small community project that seeks to build resilience in response to the issues of peak oil, climate change and economic instability.

The idea began in Totnes in 2006 and has now spread to 1000 communities worldwide.

Main purpose is to raise awareness of sustainable living.

communities are encouraged to seek out methods for reducing energy usage, as weak as reducing their reliance on long supply chains that depend on fossil fuels. Food is a key area for transition.

Initiatives include creating community gardens and replacing ornamental tree plantings with fruit or nut trees for food.

the philosophy is to rebuild relationships with the community and with the natural world.

Question 32

The fair trade system

Answer 32

The international fair-trade system seeks greater equity in international trade by promoting fair terms of trade to benefit farmers and workers.
These offer rural families a stable income which allows them to plan for the future.
These large scale producers must protect workers basic rights, keep them safe and healthy, allow freedom of association and collective bargaining, prevent discrimination and guarantee that they use no bonded or illegal Child labour

Question 33

M and S Ethical consumption Scheme

Answer 33

• Called Plan A 2020, the plan strengthens M&S eco and ethical commitments and includes new commitments that tackle both today’s and tomorrows sustainable retail challenges.
• Enegy efficiency target increased from 35% to 50% per sq ft by 2020
• helping customers recycle 20 million items of clothing a year
• promoting healthy food, working with key external stakeholders to define the best practice.
• ensuring that 50% of all cotton comes from sustainable sources by 2020.
• Ensuring 50% of the energy used in the UK and Ireland stores to come from small scale renewable sources by 2020
• targeting a 35% reduction in water usage in M&S stores and offices by 2020.