regen L15 why places change over time Flashcards
What 5 factors cause places to change over time?
- Physical factors — climate change, rivers & mountains, tectonics
- Accessibility — infrastructure (roads & paths), transport
- Connectedness — trade & TNCs, technology
- Historical Development — historical events (WW11)
- Role of Local & National Planning — government
What PHYSICAL factors caused STRATFORD, NEWHAM to changed over time?
- Proximity to London
- flat land
- river thames
how has ACCESSIBILITY caused STRATFORD, NEWHAM to change over time?
- flat land - east to construct roads
- river Thames - accessible by boat
- London Underground
- Docklands Light Railway
how has CONNECTEDNESS caused STRATFORD, NEWHAM to change over time?
- roads
- tourism - Shakespeare & Olympic Park
- buses
- links to London
- River connects globally
- Heathrow Airport
how has HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT caused STRATFORD, NEWHAM to change over time?
- WWII blitz
- British Empire
- Industrialisation
- Deindustrialisation
- Containerisation
how has PLANNING caused STRATFORD, NEWHAM to change over time?
- redevelopment post-industrialisation
- green space made post-Olympics (national government planned)
- Royal Docks (Enterprise zone — local government planned)
what PHYSICAL factors caused NOTTINGHAM to change over time?
- River Trent
- Nottingham Castle — on a hill
- Central Position
- Close to Peak District
- Local energy resource (coal)
- Flat land
how has ACCESSIBILITY & CONNECTEDNESS caused NOTTINGHAM to change over time?
- M1
- A52 and A56
- Notts Station & East Midlands Railway
- East Midlands Airport
- Broadmarsh & Vic Centre Bus Stations
- NET Notts tram
- Universities — students
how has HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT caused NOTTINGHAM to change over time?
- Anglo-Saxon “Snotingham” market town
- Norman defensive site with a castle
- Canal (1796) and railway (1839)
- industry grew with Raleigh (1888)
- Boots (1849)
- John Player cigarettes (1877)
- Notts Uni
- Lace Market
how has PLANNING caused NOTTINGHAM to change over time?
— National Planning
- inter-war & post-war reconstruction
- slum clearance
- 60s high rise & 70s low rise housing
- 1990s policy on increasing numbers in higher education
- HS2 & hub at East Midlands Parkway
— Local Planning
- Enterprise Zone - Medicity
- Nottingham Science Park
4 types of Past & Present Connections
Regional : interactions with other settlements & policies to develop the area
National : “Northern Powerhouse” — deregulation in London
International : other countries — EU policies
Global : Global TNCs in area — internet speeds relative to other areas
Example of Regional Connections
(D2N2 — local enterprise partnership (LEP))
LEP : locally owned partnership between local authorities & businesses
D2N2:
- established 2010
- population over 2mil
- over £43bn economic output
- work closely with local authorities to grow areas economy (Ashfield district council, Nottinghamshire County Council & more)
- led and governed by a private, sector-led board
- plays central role in deciding local economic priorities
Example of National Connections
Levelling Up
gov. policy to reduce inequality based on where people live
Levelling Up Fund awarded £1.7bn to projects in Oct 2021
— £2.1bn Jan 2023
— £1.1bn Nov 2023
NW England received £700m in total
— Bulwell town centre - £20m town regen plan
Example of International Connections
Twinned Towns & Sister Cities
- history of international cooperation & friendship — aim that building links & exchanges would bring reconciliation & prosperity after years of conflict — Coventry & Dresden
Notts is twinned with : Minsk, Belarus and Harare, Zimbabwe
Example of International Connections
Brexit
fear that Notts could lose out on £50m worth of EU financial projects
— 2011 - 2016 Notts City Council secured £18m for projects in the city
Example of Global Connections
Raleigh Bikes
founded 1885 — by 1913 largest bike company in the world
- sold to Accell — meant factories in Notts closed — 280 jobs lost when last factory closed
- at its peak after WWII it employed some 8000 people in the city
Example of Global Connections
Uni of Notts
- would lose £70m per year if links were lost with China
