Regal ILT IHO Week 4 Flashcards
Mediators of Redness and Vasodilation
Histamine, PGE2, PGI2, Kinins
Mediators of Swelling and Increased vascular permeability
Histamine, Peptido leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4), Kinins
Mediators of Pain-causes or reduces the pain threshold
PGE, PGI, LTB4, Kinins
Mediators of Chemotactic-directed migration of WBC
LTB4 (neutrophils, etc.), Peptido leukotrienes (eosinophils)
Mediators of Fever
PGEs
Mediators of Airway Constriction-bronchoconstriction (type 1 hypersensitivity in lungs)
Histamine, Peptido leukotrienes, Kinins, PGD2
Mediators of Hypotension
Kinins, Histamine
redness, heat, swelling and airway constriction, but NOT chemotaxis-name the mediator
Histamine
vasodilate, increase vascular permeability and cause pain
PGE2 and PGI2
bronchoconstriction
PGD2 and Thrombaxane
Platelet aggregation (and vasoconstriction)
TXA2 (Thrombaxane)
Opposes platelet aggregation (and vasodilation)
PGI2 (Prostacyclin)
chemotactic (PMNs) and reduces pain threshold; peptido leukotrienes cause bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability and chemotaxis (eosinophils)
LTB4
everything, also very strong vasodilator with resulting hypotension, not a major chemotactic agent
Kinins (Bradykinin and kallidin)
What enzyme to convert histidine to histamine
L-histidine decarboxylase (in mast cells and basophils)
What type of action do antihistamines have?
inverse agonists
Which histamine receptor stimulation will cause the following: bronchoconstriction, contraction of GI smooth muscle, increased capillary permeability (wheal), pruritis (itch) and pain, release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla?
H1
Which histamine receptor stimulation will cause the following: GASTRIC ACID SECRETION, inhibition of IgE mediated basophil histamine release, inhibition of T lymphocyte mediated toxicity, suppression of Th2 cells and cytokines?
H2
Which histamine receptor stimulation will cause the following: present on histaminergic nerve terminals and many immune cells; can regulate activity of all of these cells through the H3 and H4 receptors
H3 and H4
Mixed H1 and H2 receptor mediated responses
cardiac effects, vasodilator effects, triple response (vasodilation, flare, wheal, pain and itching), nasal symptoms
Characteristics of first generation antihistamines
Blockade of H1, muscarinic, alpha adrenergic and serotonin receptors
Where are first generation antihistamines metabolized?
liver and excreted in urine
an array of substance normally present in the body or formed there; active substances have brief lifetime and act near their sites of synthesis; NOT NTs or hormones but can be called local hormones or inflammatory mediators
Autocoids
