Refractive Surgery Flashcards
What is the first choice surgery for myopia less than -10.00D and astigmatism less than -4.00D?
LASIK and SMILE
These surgeries are preferred due to their effectiveness for these refractive errors.
What surgery is considered for patients with thin corneas or active lifestyles?
PRK (photorefractive keratotomy)
PRK is a safer option for those at risk of dislodging the flap during LASIK.
What is the maximum hyperopia that can be treated with Conductive Keratoplasty?
+4.00D
This procedure is specifically for mild hyperopia.
What are Peripheral Corneal Relaxing Incisions performed for?
Astigmatism
These incisions can be done at the same time as cataract surgery.
What surgical options are available for patients with high refractive errors?
- Refractive Lens Exchange / Clear Lens Exchange
- Phakic intraocular lens
These options are suitable for patients who have presbyopia and those who do not.
What are common postoperative complaints for any refractive surgery?
- Decreased/fluctuating vision
- Glare
- Halos
- Difficulty with night vision
- Foreign body sensation
- Pain
These symptoms can affect the patient’s recovery experience.
What are possible complications from any refractive surgery?
- Residual refractive error
- Infection
These complications can lead to unsatisfactory surgical outcomes.
What is the maximum myopia that LASIK and PRK can treat?
-10.00D
Both surgeries are effective for this level of myopia.
What additional postoperative complaints are common for LASIK and PRK?
- Starbursts
- Ghost images
These visual disturbances are specific to these procedures.
What are some complications specific to LASIK and PRK?
- Poor night vision
- Corneal haze and halos
- Decentration
- Regression over time
These complications may arise in patients post-surgery.
What is the primary reason PRK is chosen over LASIK?
Thin corneas or active lifestyles
PRK eliminates the risk of flap complications.
What is the process of PRK surgery?
- Removal of outer epithelial cells
- Application of laser to anterior stroma
- Allowing epithelium to regrow
This method requires longer recovery due to epithelial regrowth.
What is a notable risk associated with PRK compared to LASIK?
Higher risk of infection
The recovery process and epithelial healing contribute to this risk.
Fill in the blank: In PRK, the epithelium is allowed to ________ after surgery.
regrow
This regrowth process is essential for recovery.
What is LASIK?
LASIK is the first choice refractive surgery for eligible patients.
What is the first step in the LASIK procedure?
A laser is used to cut a flap into the corneal stroma.
What is done after cutting the flap in LASIK?
Another laser is used to remove stromal tissue and flatten the cornea.
What happens to the flap after reshaping the cornea in LASIK?
The flap is laid back down.
How thick must the residual stroma be for LASIK?
250 microns.
What is the thickness of the flap in LASIK?
150 microns.
How much stromal tissue is removed for each diopter treated in LASIK?
About 15 microns.
What is a common complication of LASIK related to the corneal nerves?
Dry eye due to severing of corneal nerves.
What is LASIK Scar?
A scar that may be visible for many years after the surgery.
What causes Flap Trauma in LASIK?
Blunt trauma to the eye.
How should Flap Trauma be treated?
Immediate surgical flap repositioning.
What are Flap Striae?
Wrinkles in the flap.
What is the treatment for Flap Striae?
Urgent surgery to lift and refloat flap.
What is Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis (DLK)?
Sterile inflammation underneath the flap occurring within a week after surgery.
What is a critical treatment for DLK?
Topical steroids.
What may severe cases of DLK require?
Flap irrigation.
What is Epithelial Ingrowth?
Epithelial cells growing underneath the flap originating at the edge of the flap.
What is the treatment for severe Epithelial Ingrowth?
Epithelial debridement.
What is Keratectasia?
Removal of too much corneal tissue leading to a weakened, distorted cornea.
What is Central Toxic Keratopathy?
Noninflammatory pacification of the central corneal stroma following LASIK.
