Diagnostic Testing

Question 1

What are the 5 phases of Fluorescein angiography?

Answer 1

1. Choroidal (pre-arterial)
2. Arterial (early)
3. Arteriovenous (capillary, early)
4. Venous
5. Recirculation (late)

Question 2

FA interpretation: blood
Hypo or hyperfluorescence?

Answer 2

Hypo
* obstruction/ blockage

Question 3

FA interpretation: vascular occlusion
Hypo or hyperfl?

Answer 3

Hypo
* inadequate perfusion of tissue (filling defect)

Question 4

On FA, types of hyper-fluorescence (4)

Answer 4

• pooling
• leakage
• staining
• window defect

Question 5

Pooling on FA indicates a breakdown of?

Answer 5

outer blood retinal barrier
* abnormal choroidal neovasc is leaky and dye will escape, accumulation of fl into distinct space

Question 6

What supplies the outer one-third of the retina?

Answer 6

The choriocapillaris

The choriocapillaris is fenestrated, allowing fluorescein to readily diffuse through these vessels.

Question 7

What is the primary blood supply for the inner two-thirds of the retina?

Answer 7

Retinal blood vessels

These vessels possess tight endothelial junctions, forming the inner blood-retinal barrier.

Question 8

What should not allow for leakage of fluorescein in a normal retina?

Answer 8

The inner blood-retinal barrier

This barrier is formed by tight endothelial junctions of retinal blood vessels.

Question 9

What happens to endothelial junctions in diabetes cases?

Answer 9

They become destroyed

This leads to leakage of fluorescein from retinal vessels.

Question 10

What effect do dot/blot hemorrhages have on fluorescence?

Answer 10

They block fluorescence locally

This is due to leakage of the retinal vasculature.

Question 11

What appears as areas of hypofluorescence?

Answer 11

Capillary nonperfusion

This indicates regions where blood flow has been compromised.

Question 12

What do leaky vessels appear as in fluorescein angiography?

Answer 12

Hyperfluorescent

This indicates excessive leakage of fluorescein from the vessels.

Question 13

What are microaneurysms and areas of retinal edema characterized by in fluorescein angiography?

Answer 13

Hyperfluorescence

This suggests increased permeability or leakage in these areas.

Question 14

What appearance do cotton wool spots have in fluorescein angiography?

Answer 14

Hypofluorescent

This indicates areas of localized ischemia or blockage in the retina.

Question 15

What do areas of neovascularization appear as in fluorescein angiography?

Answer 15

Hyperfluorescent

This shows the presence of new, abnormal blood vessel growth.