Pharmacology Flashcards
Drug class of metformin
Biguanides
Aparaclonidine drug class
Alpha-2 agonist
Weak alpha-1 agonist
What does 10% cocaine drops do to Horner’s pupils?
Dilation of the normal pupil (because lack of NE due to lesion in sympathetic fibers)
MOA of cocaine
Indirect adrenergic agonist
Block the re-uptake of NE by sympathetic nerve ends, leading to increase in sympathetic activity—> mydriasis, sweating, tachycardia
Side effects of topical antihistamines/mast cell stabilizers
- Stinging upon installation
- headaches
- adverse taste
Drug that can cause floppy iris syndrome?
Flomax (tamsulosin)
* treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia
* alpha-blocker
Amitriptyline
tx?
class?
MOA?
adverse effects
Tx: depression
Tricyclic antidepressant
Blocks reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
Side effects:
dry eyes
Dry mouth
blurred vision
photosensitivity
Headache
weight gain
drowsiness
dizziness
tachycardia
hypotension
nausea
seizures
Cosopt
Timolol + dorzolamide
(Beta blocker + CAI)
Combigan
Timolol + brimonidine
(Beta blocker + alpha agonist)
Simbrinza
Brimonidine + brinzolamide
(Alpha agonist + CAI)
What is the generic name of Alrex?
loteprednol 0.2%
Which drug class does Besivance belong to?
4th generation fluoroquinolone
True or false
A compounding pharmacist is needed when a patient requires a medication but is allergic to one of the inactive ingredients
True
They can achieve the same therapeutic effect by preparing meds that includes same dosage of active ingredient without offending agent
Loteprednol is least likely to cause increase in IOP because?
It is ESTER-based
* causes less pressure elevation for given amount of anti-inflammatory effects
*think Ester is better!!!
How long does it take for topical corticosteroids to increase IOP?
~1 month
Which glaucoma medication can cause black/brown pampered conjunctival deposits?
Epinephrine
* topical anti-glaucoma medication
* MOA: decrease IOP by increasing both uveoscleral and trabecular meshwork outflow
Contraindications of topical steroid use (2)
- Epithelial herpes simplex keratitis
- Fungal infections
Contraindications of ORAL steroid use
- Peptic ulcers (stomach lining erosion)
- Osteoporosis (decrease in bone mineral density)
- Psychosis (disconnection from reality)
Which ophthalmic steroids have the highest risk for increasing IOP?
- Durezol (difluprednate)
- predforte
For chronic, mild inflammation management what kind of ophthalmic steroid should be prescribed?
Lotemax (loteprednol)
or
FML (fluorometholone)
What is the ONLY steroid approved for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis?
Alrex (loteprednol 0.2%)
* safest because ESTER based
*treat vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Side effects of Accutane (potent anti-acne med)
Name at least 2
- dry eyes
- transient myopic shift
- blurred vision
- decrease in night vision
Which 3 medications are typically used in HAART? (Highly active antiretroviral therapy?
- protease inhibitors
- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Common side effect experienced by patient on HAART?
Hepatotoxicity
* drug induced liver damage